Hereditary Vocab-Part 1 Quiz

Chromatid

• One of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division.

• A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells.

• A structure that contains genetic information in the form of DNA.

• A phase in the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for division.

Crossing Over

• The process of DNA replication in somatic cells.

• The exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis.

• The formation of new alleles through mutation.

• The separation of sister chromatids during mitosis.

Meiosis

• A type of cell division that creates two identical daughter cells.

• A type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half, creating four haploid daughter cells (gametes) for sexual reproduction.

• A process that occurs only in prokaryotic cells for reproduction.

• A method of DNA replication that results in two copies of the same chromosome.

Diploid

• A cell or organism that has one complete set of chromosomes from one parent.

• A cell or organism that has two complete sets of chromosomes (one set from each parent).

• A cell or organism that has three complete sets of chromosomes.

• A cell or organism that has no complete sets of chromosomes.

Homologous Chromosome

• Paired chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that contain the same genes in the same order, but may carry different versions (alleles) of those genes.

• Chromosomes that are identical in size and shape but do not carry the same genes.

• Chromosomes that are found only in gametes and are not paired.

• Chromosomes that contain only one version of each gene, inherited from one parent.

Haploid

• A cell or organism having two complete sets of chromosomes (2n).

• A cell or organism having only one complete set of chromosomes (n).

• A cell or organism that is diploid (2n) and undergoes meiosis.

• A cell or organism that has more than two sets of chromosomes.

Egg Cell (Oocyte)

• A male gametocyte involved in reproduction.

• A female gametocyte or germ cell involved in reproduction.

• A type of plant cell responsible for photosynthesis.

• A type of blood cell that carries oxygen.

Meiosis I

• The process of DNA replication before cell division.

• The first stage of meiosis, a type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell, achieved by separating paired homologous chromosomes.

• A type of mitosis that results in two identical daughter cells.

• The final stage of cell division where the cytoplasm divides.

Fertilization

• The process where a male gamete (sperm) fuses with a female gamete (egg) to form a zygote, initiating the development of a new individual.

• The process of a zygote dividing into multiple cells to form an embryo.

• The stage where an embryo implants itself into the uterine wall.

• The process of sperm production in the male reproductive system.

Meiosis II

• The first stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes separate.

• The second stage of meiosis where two haploid cells divide to form four haploid cells, each with a single set of chromosomes.

• The process of fertilization that occurs after meiosis.

• The stage of meiosis where DNA replication occurs.