Topic 4.4: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Theories of Personality

According to Freud, which part of the mind operates based on the pleasure principle?

• Ego

• Conscious

• Superego

• Id

What is the primary focus of the superego according to Freud's theory?

• Immediate gratification

• Reality negotiation

• Moral judgment

• Unconscious desires

Which defense mechanism involves shifting aggressive urges to a different recipient?

• Denial

• Projection

• Displacement

• Repression

How does the ego manage the conflict between the id and the superego?

• By suppressing the superego

• By enhancing the id's desires

• By using defense mechanisms

• By ignoring the id

Which of the following best describes the role of the ego in Freud's theory?

• It operates entirely unconsciously.

• It acts as a moral compass.

• It balances desires with reality.

• It seeks immediate pleasure.

In Freud's theory, what is the function of the unconscious mind?

• To enhance conscious awareness

• To regulate moral behavior

• To hold repressed desires and memories

• To store conscious thoughts

Which of the following is an example of regression as a defense mechanism?

• A person denying a painful reality

• An adult biting their nails when stressed

• A student blaming others for their own insecurities

• A child hiding to have a bowel movement

What does the reality principle refer to in Freud's theory?

• The ego's negotiation between desires and reality

• The id's demand for immediate satisfaction

• The unconscious mind's hidden desires

• The superego's moral standards

Which part of the mind is responsible for internalizing societal norms and values?

• Superego

• Ego

• Id

• Conscious

How does projection function as a defense mechanism?

• By attributing one's own feelings to others

• By reverting to earlier behaviors

• By shifting emotions to a safer target

• By blocking painful memories