Chapter 4 Review

Which of the following best describes the particles in a gas?

• Closely packed and vibrating
• Spread out and moving freely
• Locked in place
• Tightly bound and stationary

Answer explanation

Gas particles move freely and are far apart compared to solids and liquids.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Which state of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?

• Solid
• Gas
• Liquid
• Plasma

Answer explanation

Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.

What happens to the pressure of a gas if the number of particles increases but volume and temperature remain constant?

• Pressure increases
• Pressure decreases
• Pressure stays the same
• Temperature decreases

Answer explanation

More gas particles mean more collisions with the container walls, increasing pressure.

Which types of intermolecular forces are found in water?

• Dispersion forces
• Dipole-dipole forces
• Hydrogen bonding
• Ionic bonding

Answer explanation

Water is polar and forms hydrogen bonds; all molecules have dispersion forces.

Which of the following processes are endothermic?

• Melting
• Freezing
• Sublimation
• Condensation

Answer explanation

Melting and sublimation absorb energy.

Which phase change occurs when a gas becomes a solid?

• Deposition
• Sublimation
• Condensation
• Freezing

Answer explanation

Deposition is the direct gas-to-solid phase change.

Which of the following solids conducts electricity in the solid state?

• Ionic compound
• Covalent compound
• Metallic solid
• Network covalent solid

Answer explanation

Only metallic solids conduct electricity as solids due to free-moving electrons.

What causes water to have a high boiling point compared to other small molecules?

• Ionic bonding
• Hydrogen bonding
• Dipole-dipole interactions
• Metallic bonding

Answer explanation

Hydrogen bonds require more energy to break, increasing boiling point.

A supersaturated solution contains:

• No solute
• Less solute than it can hold
• Exactly as much solute as it can hold
• More solute than it can normally hold

Answer explanation

Supersaturated solutions hold more solute than normal due to careful heating and cooling.

Which of the following best describes a hydrate?

• A compound dissolved in water
• A compound that has lost water
• An ionic compound with water molecules in its crystal structure
• A liquid containing a dissolved gas

Answer explanation

Hydrates are ionic solids that incorporate water into their crystal lattice.