Genetics Basics

Gene

• A segment of DNA that codes for a trait.

• A type of protein that regulates cell function.

• A molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

• A structure that protects the DNA from damage.

Chromosome

• A structure in cells that contains DNA.

• A type of protein that helps in cell division.

• A small organelle responsible for energy production.

• A fluid that fills the cell and holds organelles.

DNA

• The molecule that carries genetic information.

• A type of RNA involved in protein synthesis.

• A protein that helps in cell structure.

• A lipid that stores energy.

Allele

• A version of a gene.

• A type of chromosome.

• A genetic mutation.

• A form of RNA.

Phenotype

• The genetic makeup of an organism.

• The physical expression of a trait.

• The process of natural selection.

• The evolutionary history of a species.

Homozygous

• Having two identical alleles.

• Having two different alleles.

• Having one dominant and one recessive allele.

• Having no alleles at all.

Dominant

• A trait that appears if at least one dominant allele is present.

• A trait that only appears if two recessive alleles are present.

• A trait that is always expressed regardless of other alleles.

• A trait that can be masked by a dominant allele.

Recessive

• A trait that is hidden unless both alleles are recessive.

• A trait that is always expressed in the phenotype.

• A trait that can be expressed with just one dominant allele.

• A trait that is only found in males.

Heredity

• The process of natural selection.

• The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

• The study of genes and DNA.

• The influence of environment on behavior.

Punnett Square

• A method to measure plant growth.

• A tool to predict genetic outcomes.

• A technique for DNA sequencing.

• A process for cloning organisms.