Genetics and Meiosis Concepts

What is an allele?

• A type of chromosome that determines the sex of an organism.

• A variant form of a gene that can produce different traits.

• A process by which DNA is replicated.

• A structure within a cell that produces energy.

How are dominant alleles represented in genetic notation?

• Dominant alleles are represented by lower case letters.

• Dominant alleles are represented by upper case letters.

• Dominant alleles are represented by numbers.

• Dominant alleles are represented by symbols.

What is a genotype?

• The physical appearance of an individual.

• The genetic constitution of an individual, representing the alleles inherited from both parents.

• The environment in which an organism lives.

• The process of cell division in organisms.

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?

• Homozygous means having two identical alleles for a trait, while heterozygous means having two different alleles.

• Homozygous means having two different alleles for a trait, while heterozygous means having two identical alleles.

• Homozygous refers to a single allele for a trait, while heterozygous refers to multiple alleles.

• Homozygous and heterozygous are terms that describe the same genetic condition.

What is genetic diversity?

• The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species, contributing to variation within a population.

• The process by which organisms adapt to their environment over time.

• The study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.

• The variety of ecosystems in a given area.

What is crossing-over in genetics?

• A process during mitosis where chromosomes duplicate

• The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis

• A method of DNA replication

• The formation of gametes without genetic variation

What is the significance of meiosis in genetics?

• Meiosis increases the chromosome number and creates genetic uniformity.

• Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half and creates genetic diversity through crossing-over and independent assortment.

• Meiosis has no impact on genetic variation.

• Meiosis is a process that only occurs in prokaryotic cells.

What is the genotype for a heterozygous dominant offspring when green peas (G) are dominant to yellow peas (g)?

• GG

• Gg

• gg

• GgG

What does homozygous recessive mean?

• A genotype where both alleles for a trait are dominant, represented as 'AA' or 'BB'.

• A genotype where one allele is dominant and the other is recessive, represented as 'Aa' or 'Bb'.

• A genotype where both alleles for a trait are recessive, represented as 'aa' or 'bb'.

• A genotype where both alleles are different, represented as 'AB'.

What is the law of segregation?

• The law of segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other.

• The law of segregation states that alleles for different traits are inherited independently of each other.

• The law of segregation states that dominant alleles will always mask recessive alleles in offspring.

• The law of segregation states that traits are inherited in a blended manner from both parents.