Genomics - L3

What is translation in molecular biology?

• Copying DNA into RNA
• Synthesizing proteins using an RNA template
• Transporting RNA into the cytoplasm
• Converting proteins into enzymes

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

• To replicate DNA
• To synthesize RNA
• To synthesize proteins by decoding mRNA
• To break down old proteins

What are tRNAs and what do they do?

• RNA enzymes that cut mRNA
• Transport proteins into the nucleus
• Small RNAs that carry amino acids to the ribosome and match codons with anticodons
• RNA strands that encode DNA

What is a vector in molecular biology?

• A virus that infects bacteria
• A carrier DNA molecule used to deliver foreign DNA into a host
• A ribosome binding site on mRNA
• An RNA molecule that translates DNA

What does gene cloning involve?

• Removing all introns from a gene
• Copying an entire chromosome
• Inserting a gene into a vector and replicating it in a host organism
• Using enzymes to break down RNA

Which of the following is NOT a phase of translation?

• Initiation
• Termination
• Propagation
• Elongation

What are the two subunits of the E. coli ribosome?

• 40S and 60S
• 20S and 70S
• 50S and 30S
• 60S and 20S

Do rRNAs participate in protein synthesis and code for proteins?

• Yes, they act as coding RNA and enzymes
• No, they only serve as structural scaffolds
• Yes, they are translated into peptides
• No, they help synthesize proteins but do not code for them

What does the Svedberg unit (S) describe?

• DNA melting temperature
• Binding strength between DNA and RNA
• The rate of sedimentation during centrifugation
• The sequence of a gene's promoter

Where does transcription begin on a gene?

• Translation start site
• Replication fork
• Transcription initiation site
• Promoter terminator region