Epigenetics and Cancer Quiz

What is DNA methylation?

• The addition of a methyl group to DNA, typically at cytosine bases

• The removal of a methyl group from DNA

• The addition of a phosphate group to DNA

• The removal of a phosphate group from DNA

How can changes in DNA methylation affect gene expression?

• By increasing the rate of transcription

• By silencing gene expression

• By enhancing protein synthesis

• By altering the DNA sequence

What are histone modifications?

• Changes to the DNA sequence

• Chemical changes to histone proteins that affect chromatin structure

• The addition of nucleotides to histone proteins

• The removal of histone proteins from DNA

Which of the following is a type of histone modification?

• Methylation

• Acetylation

• All of the above

How do histone modifications regulate gene expression?

• By changing the DNA sequence

• By altering chromatin structure and accessibility

• By degrading mRNA

• By increasing the number of histone proteins

What is epigenetics?

• The study of genetic mutations

• The study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the DNA sequence

• The study of DNA replication

• The study of protein synthesis

How can epigenetic modifications lead to cancer?

• By causing mutations in the DNA sequence

• By altering the expression of genes that control cell division

• By increasing the number of chromosomes

• By enhancing immune response

What role does DNA methylation play in cancer development?

• It always prevents cancer

• It can lead to the silencing of tumour suppressor genes

• It enhances the immune system's ability to fight cancer

• It increases the rate of cell division

Which of the following is a mechanism by which cancer can develop?

• Increased DNA repair

• Uncontrolled cell division

• Enhanced apoptosis

• Decreased cell proliferation

What is the role of genes that control cell division in cancer?

• They always prevent cancer

• Mutations or epigenetic changes in these genes can lead to cancer

• They have no role in cancer

• They only affect the immune system