Cell Division and Genetics

Homologous Chromosomes

• Chromosomes that have different sequences of genes and do not pair during meiosis.

• Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis.

• Chromosomes that are identical copies of each other and are formed during DNA replication.

• Chromosomes that are involved in asexual reproduction and do not undergo meiosis.

Gene

• A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.

• A type of protein that helps in cellular respiration.

• A molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

• A structure that protects the DNA from damage.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Haploid

• An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.

• An organism or cell having two complete sets of chromosomes.

• An organism or cell that can reproduce asexually.

• An organism or cell that has a variable number of chromosomes.

Cytokinesis

• Division of the cytoplasm during cell division.

• Formation of the nuclear envelope during mitosis.

• Replication of DNA before cell division.

• Separation of sister chromatids during anaphase.

Gametes

• A type of cell that can undergo mitosis

• A mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

• A diploid cell that forms during fertilization

• A type of cell that is involved in asexual reproduction

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Diploid

• Containing one complete set of chromosomes from one parent.

• Containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

• Having an incomplete set of chromosomes.

• Containing three complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent and an extra set.

Genotype

• An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.

• The physical appearance of an organism.

• The process of cell division in organisms.

• The environmental factors affecting an organism's traits.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Chromosomes

• Coiled, threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.

• Flat, circular structures that store energy in cells.

• Small, round particles that help in protein synthesis.

• Long, linear chains of amino acids that form proteins.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Asexual Reproduction

• A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.

• A reproductive process that requires two parents and produces genetically diverse offspring.

• A method of reproduction that occurs only in plants and fungi.

• A process that involves the fusion of gametes to form a zygote.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-2

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