Genetics and Heredity

What is the basic unit of heredity?

• Chromosome

• Gene

• Protein

• RNA

True or False: Mutations are always harmful to an organism's survival.

• True

• False

• Mutations are never harmful

• Mutations are always beneficial

What is the process of protein synthesis?

• Protein synthesis is the process by which cells use mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins.

• Protein synthesis occurs only in the mitochondria of the cell.

• Protein synthesis is the breakdown of proteins into amino acids.

• Protein synthesis is the process of converting DNA into RNA.

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

• Chloroplasts are responsible for cellular respiration in plant cells.

• Chloroplasts are organelles that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

• Chloroplasts store nutrients and water for the plant.

• Chloroplasts are involved in the synthesis of proteins in plant cells.

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?

• Homozygous means having two identical alleles for a gene, while heterozygous means having two different alleles.

• Homozygous means having two different alleles for a gene, while heterozygous means having two identical alleles.

• Homozygous refers to a single allele, while heterozygous refers to multiple alleles.

• Homozygous and heterozygous are terms that describe the same genetic condition.

What type of information does DNA carry?

• DNA carries genetic information that determines the traits of an organism.

• DNA carries information about an organism's habitat and environment.

• DNA carries information about the food an organism eats.

• DNA carries information about the weather patterns in an organism's location.

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

• Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

• Transfer RNA (tRNA) synthesizes proteins in the nucleus.

• Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports glucose to the mitochondria.

• Transfer RNA (tRNA) helps in the replication of DNA.

What is the significance of the double helix structure of DNA?

• It allows for the stable storage of genetic information and its replication.

• It provides a mechanism for protein synthesis.

• It enables the formation of RNA molecules.

• It protects DNA from environmental damage.

What does heterozygous mean in genetics?

• Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

• Having two different alleles for a particular gene.

• Having one allele for a gene and no allele for another.

• Having multiple alleles for a single gene.

What molecule carries instructions from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis?

• Transfer RNA (tRNA)

• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

• Messenger RNA (mRNA)

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)