The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

What is a chromatid?

• A chromatid is a type of RNA molecule involved in protein synthesis.

• A chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome, which is joined to its sister chromatid at the centromere.

• A chromatid is a structure that helps in the formation of the cell wall in plants.

• A chromatid is a type of enzyme that catalyzes biochemical reactions.

What happens in Metaphase?

• Chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane, and spindle fibers attach to the centromeres.

• Chromosomes are replicated and begin to condense.

• The nuclear envelope breaks down and spindle fibers begin to form.

• Chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

What is the cell cycle?

• The process by which cells undergo apoptosis.

• The series of phases that a cell goes through to grow and divide, including interphase and mitotic phase.

• The mechanism of protein synthesis in cells.

• The stages of cellular respiration in mitochondria.

What is the purpose of the cell cycle?

• To ensure proper growth, development, and repair of tissues by producing new cells.

• To facilitate the process of photosynthesis in plants.

• To regulate the temperature of the cell environment.

• To store genetic information for future cell division.

What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

• Checkpoints are mechanisms that ensure the cell cycle progresses correctly and that any DNA damage is repaired before division.

• Checkpoints are points where cells can divide uncontrollably, leading to cancer.

• Checkpoints are stages where cells can skip phases of the cell cycle to speed up division.

• Checkpoints are areas in the cell where nutrients are absorbed before division.

What happens if a cell fails to undergo apoptosis?

• It leads to cell death and tissue loss.

• It may result in uncontrolled cell growth, which can lead to cancer.

• It causes the cell to become dormant and stop functioning.

• It enhances the immune response against the cell.

What is the role of spindle fibers?

• To provide structural support to the cell

• To help separate chromosomes during mitosis by attaching to the centromeres and pulling them apart.

• To synthesize proteins during cell division

• To facilitate the movement of organelles within the cell.

What are the main phases of the cell cycle?

• Interphase (G1, S, G2) and Mitosis (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)

• Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

• Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain

• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Cytokinesis

What occurs during Telophase?

• The chromosomes align at the equatorial plane.

• The chromosomes reach the poles, the nuclear membrane re-forms, and the chromosomes begin to de-condense.

• The DNA is replicated and the cell prepares for division.

• The spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart.

What is Interphase?

• The phase of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division, consisting of G1 (growth), S (DNA synthesis), and G2 (preparation for mitosis).

• The phase of the cell cycle where the cell undergoes mitosis and divides into two daughter cells.

• The phase of the cell cycle where the cell is inactive and not preparing for division.

• The phase of the cell cycle where the cell repairs its DNA and checks for errors.