ch 13 sb 2

A researcher is studying attitudes and learns about the distinction between explicit and implicit attitudes. What is the main difference between explicit and implicit attitudes?

• Explicit attitudes are subconscious and automatic
• Implicit attitudes are conscious and easily described
• Explicit attitudes are consciously held and easily described
• Implicit attitudes are not measured by any tests

In a study, participants are asked to associate Black people and positive words, and White people and negative words in one trial, and then reverse the pairings in another. Which test is used to measure implicit attitudes through reaction times?

• The Implicit Personality Test (IPT)
• The Implicit Association Test (IAT)
• The Implicit Stereotype Test (IST)
• The Racial Bias Test (RBT)

A person expresses an explicit attitude that condemns prejudice but unknowingly harbors implicit negative attitudes towards certain groups. Why might a person express explicit attitudes condemning prejudice but harbor implicit biases?

• They have consciously repressed their attitudes
• They were never taught about prejudice
• Prejudicial attitudes have seeped into their subconscious through cultural exposure
• Their conscious attitudes are always in line with their implicit biases

A psychologist reviews studies showing that implicit attitudes are linked to behaviors like sitting further from a Black person or showing reduced eye contact. What does research show about the relationship between implicit attitudes and behavior?

• Implicit attitudes have no effect on real-world behavior
• Implicit attitudes predict subtle behaviors like seating distance or eye contact
• Explicit attitudes predict real-world behavior more than implicit ones
• Implicit attitudes only predict verbal behavior, not non-verbal behavior

A group of participants takes the IAT and scores indicate high implicit prejudice against elderly people. According to IAT findings, which group shows a common implicit bias?

• Young people against older people
• Women against men
• Immigrants against native citizens
• Disabled people against healthy individuals

A participant takes the IAT and their reaction time is quicker when White faces are paired with positive words and Black faces with negative words. What do quicker reaction times in an IAT test indicate?

• The participant has positive implicit attitudes towards Black people
• The participant has stronger implicit attitudes about race
• The participant has no biases towards either group
• The participant's implicit attitudes align with their explicit beliefs

A researcher finds that implicit attitudes about math are predictive of a student's interest and performance in the subject. Which of the following is an example of implicit attitudes predicting behavior?

• Implicit attitudes about political candidates predicting voting behavior
• Implicit attitudes predicting how much a person talks in a conversation
• Implicit attitudes predicting interest in music genres
• Implicit attitudes predicting someone’s favorite sport

A political candidate is trying to persuade voters. What is the most important factor that affects the success of their persuasion effort?

• Credibility of the source, particularly trustworthiness
• Strength of the arguments presented
• The medium through which the message is delivered
• The initial position of the voter on the issue

A company is using fear appeals in their advertising to encourage people to buy their product. What factor will likely make the fear appeal more effective?

• The fear is strong enough to provoke panic
• The fear appeal is accompanied by a clear way to avoid the threat
• The product is highly advertised
• The appeal is delivered by a celebrity spokesperson

If someone is exposed to a persuasive message repeatedly, which of the following is likely to happen?

• They will resist persuasion more effectively
• Their liking for the message or product will increase
• They will become bored and dismiss the message
• Their initial attitude will change dramatically