Earth Science End-of-Year Test

John lived in Florida. He liked to swim in the ocean and explore along the beach. Which Florida landforms would he be visiting during these activities?

• A. dunes and deltas

• B. lakes and dunes

• C. coastline and swamps

• D. coastline and dunes

Julia traveled to Hawaii with her parents on vacation. While they were there, she saw Kilauea, the world's most active volcano, erupting. She watched as ash flew upward and lava flowed down its bare, rocky sides and into the ocean. Which three of Earth's spheres were involved in this eruption?

• cryosphere

• hydrosphere

• geosphere

• atmosphere

• biosphere

Henry’s family bought a home on some land in the country. They will get their water supply from a well on the land, which sits over an aquifer. What is the path that water follows through the hydrosphere and geosphere to become drinking water for a family?

• Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and extraction from the well

• Condensation, precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, and extraction from the well

• Precipitation, evaporation, condensation, infiltration, and extraction from the well

• Infiltration, evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and extraction from the well

THe weather can vary from day to day. Through the use of observations, knowledge of air masses , and technology, certain kinds of scientists study the weather. What kind of scientist studies and predicts the weather?

• Geologist
• Biologist
• Meteorologist
• Astronomer

As the hurricane season approached, Emma helped her mother check their supplies they kept in the event of a hurricane. Which two consequences can a severe storm such as a hurricane bring?

• severe flooding that can contaminate drinking water

• lack of necessary clothing from hurrying to pack

• not knowing that a severe storm was coming

• difficult travel due to flooding and wind damage

Olivia looked outside one morning and saw that the grass had moisture on the blades. She knew it had not rained the night before, so she wondered how the mixture had collected on the grass to form the dew. What conditions must exist for dew to form?

• Cool air grew cooler; air moisture would freeze and collect as dew on the grass as it condensed.

• Warm air grew warmer; the air would be able to hold more moisture and the excess collected as it condensed.

• Cool air warmed; the air would be able to held less moisture and cause the water vapor to condense.

• Warm air cooled; the air would be able to hold less moisture and cause the water vapor to condense.

Geologists have been on a quest to drill down to the mantle for several decades. THe goal is to learn more about volcanoes, earthquakes and how the planet works. The deepest hole so far is the Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia. Over 20 years, a team drilled down 40,230 feet. That's only halfway to the mantle in that spot. The team encountered unexpectedly high temperatures that ruined their equipment. In addition, high pressure caused the rocks to ooze and fill the borehole over and over again. How does pressure change as you move from Earth’s surface to the inner core?

• A. Pressure is highest in the crust, then decreases steadily in the mantle and core.

• B. Pressure decreases as temperature increases in the mantle and core.

• C. Pressure increases steadily as the weight of rocks above increases.

• D. Pressure increases and decreases depending on the density of the rock layer.

Elephant Rock is in Valley Fire State Park in Nevada. Look at the picture of Elephant Rock. What natural process or processes shaped this amazing rock?

• weathering and erosion

• deposition

• volcanic activity

• heat and pressure

THere are several different types of land features on Earth formed from different processes. Which natural land feature was formed at a divergent boundary?

• Appalachian Mountains

• Africa's Rift Valley

• San Madrid Fault

• Florida Keys

In the Gulf of Alaska lies a row of underwater mountains, or seamounts. Each seamount in the Kodiak-Bowie Seamount chain is a volcano. None of the volcanoes rose high enough to break the surface of the ocean. How can a chain of volcanoes like the Kodiak-Bowie chain form away from any tectonic plate boundaries. They form over _______.

• subduction zones

• hotspots

• mid-ocean ridges

• transform faults