Unit 1: Earth Materials - Student Notes

What is a property of minerals that must have a definite volume and shape?

• They are solid.

• They are liquid.

• They are gaseous.

• They are plasma.

Which property of minerals indicates that they occur naturally and cannot be man-made?

• Their natural occurrence.

• Their ability to conduct electricity.

• Their hardness and density.

• Their color and luster.

What is the term for minerals that cannot form from once-living things?

• Inorganic minerals

• Organic minerals

• Biogenic minerals

• Synthetic minerals

What is the process called where particles line up in a repeating pattern and form flat sides called faces?

• The process is called crystallization.

• The process is called evaporation.

• The process is called condensation.

• The process is called sublimation.

Which property of minerals always contains certain elements in set proportions?

• The property of minerals that always contains certain elements in set proportions is called the chemical composition.

• The property of minerals that always contains certain elements in set proportions is called the crystal structure.

• The property of minerals that always contains certain elements in set proportions is called the hardness.

• The property of minerals that always contains certain elements in set proportions is called the luster.

What is the color of the mineral's powder known as?

• streak

• luster

• hardness

• cleavage

How is the way a mineral reflects light described?

• Luster

• Color

• Streak

• Hardness

What is the process of forming a crystal structure by rearranging atoms called?

• Crystallization

• Evaporation

• Sublimation

• Condensation

What is the difference between magma and lava in the context of mineral formation?

• Magma is found beneath the Earth's surface, while lava is magma that has reached the surface.

• Magma and lava are the same, just in different locations.

• Magma is cooler than lava.

• Lava forms minerals, while magma does not.

Minerals form through crystallization from water solutions by:

• evaporation of the water leaving the minerals behind

• cooling of the water causing minerals to precipitate

• mixing with other minerals in the water

• being dissolved completely in the water