Fukuyama

What was the title of the article where Fukuyama first introduced the “End of History” idea?

• The Atlantic

• The National Interest

• Foreign Affairs

• The Economist

In what year did Fukuyama expand his article into a book?

• 1989

• 1991

• 1992

• 1995

What does Fukuyama mean by the “end of history”?

• That liberal democracy is the final form of political organization

• That nothing significant will ever happen again

• That capitalism has solved all economic problems

• That authoritarian regimes will disappear permanently

Which philosopher originally coined the phrase “the end of history”?

• Karl Marx

• Georg W. F. Hegel

• John Locke

• Alexandre Kojève

How did Kojève interpret Hegel’s concept of the “end of history”?

• As the rise of global communism

• As the perfection of authoritarianism

• As the universalization of equality and liberty

• As the creation of a stateless society

According to Marx, what would mark the “end of history”?

• The collapse of capitalism and the rise of global communism

• The strengthening of liberal democracy

• The spread of free-market economies

• The triumph of individual liberties

What type of political system did Fukuyama argue is the “unsurpassable ideal”?

• Socialism

• Liberal democracy tied to market economies

• Authoritarian capitalism

• Military dictatorship

According to Fukuyama, which of the following is NOT a requirement for a liberal democratic state?

• Democratic elections that implement the will of the people

• A strong state capable of enforcing laws

• Rule of law that constrains the state and its leaders

• Complete economic equality

What was Fukuyama’s main criticism of authoritarian regimes like Russia and China?

• They are too economically unstable

• They rely on a single leader or small elite, which leads to bad decision-making

• They fail to protect religious freedom

• They export their ideology to other nations

What event in the late 1980s convinced Fukuyama that Marx’s vision of history was unlikely to occur?

• The fall of the Berlin Wall

• The U.S. invasion of Iraq

• Gorbachev’s Perestroika and Glasnost reforms

• The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests