Front

What is a null hypothesis (H₀)?

Back

A statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default or starting assumption in hypothesis testing.

Front

What is an alternative hypothesis (Hₐ)?

Back

A statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

Front

What does it mean to reject the null hypothesis?

Back

It means that there is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.

Front

What is a Type I error?

Back

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.

Front

What is a Type II error?

Back

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false.

Front

When should you use a t-test instead of a z-test?

Back

When the sample size (n) is less than 30.

Front

What is the critical value for a left-tailed test with α = 0.05?

Back

z₀ = -1.645.

Front

What does the p-value represent in hypothesis testing?

Back

The probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

Front

What is the significance level (α) in hypothesis testing?

Back

The threshold for determining whether to reject the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05.

Front

What is the difference between one-tailed and two-tailed tests?

Back

One-tailed tests assess the direction of an effect, while two-tailed tests assess for any effect in both directions.