Evolution Review

How do we use DNA and proteins to not only establish the evolutionary connection between organisms but to measure how long and how much evolutionary change has occurred?

• By analyzing the physical characteristics of organisms

• By counting mutations that occur at predictable rates

• By comparing the size of organisms

• By studying the geographical distribution of species

What role did the following scientists play in influencing Charles Darwin? Erasmus Darwin

• Erasmus Darwin was Charles Darwin's grandfather and had ideas that life evolved before Charles was even born.

• Erasmus Darwin was a contemporary of Charles Darwin who opposed his theories.

• Erasmus Darwin was a famous geologist who influenced Darwin's ideas on geology.

• Erasmus Darwin was a botanist who focused solely on plant evolution.

In general terms, how do we use radioactive materials to tell how old something is?

• By measuring the amount of carbon-14 in a sample

• By comparing the amounts of the original radioisotope and its breakdown product

• By using the color of the material to determine its age

• By examining the physical characteristics of the object

What is coevolution?

• Coevolution is when two species evolve independently of each other.

• Coevolution is when the evolutionary change of two species become interconnected.

• Coevolution is a process that only occurs in cooperative relationships.

• Coevolution refers to the extinction of one species due to another.

What is sexual selection and how can it lead to evolutionary change?

• Sexual selection is when individuals choose mates based on specific characteristics, leading to evolutionary change through mate selection.

• Sexual selection is a process where individuals compete for resources, resulting in natural selection.

• Sexual selection occurs when environmental factors influence mate choice, leading to genetic drift.

• Sexual selection is the random mating of individuals, which does not affect evolutionary change.

What role did the following scientists play in influencing Charles Darwin? Jean Baptiste Lamarck

• First organized theory of evolution (Lamarckianism)

• Developed the theory of natural selection

• Introduced the concept of genetic drift

• Pioneered the study of heredity

How are fossils evidence that evolution occurs? What is a transitional fossil? What are Tiktaalik and Archaeopteryx?

• Evidence of past life; life has changed and species have become extinct. Transitional fossils are intermediate between two groups and show how one group could give rise to another. Tiktaalik is the 'fishapod' that showed how fish developed legs. Archaeopteryx is considered the first bird though it has some reptilian characteristics.

• Fossils are simply remnants of organisms that have no relation to evolution. Transitional fossils are just a myth and do not exist. Tiktaalik and Archaeopteryx are fictional creatures.

• Fossils are evidence of life that has always remained the same. Transitional fossils are unrelated to evolution. Tiktaalik is a type of dinosaur, and Archaeopteryx is a modern bird.

• Fossils are evidence of life that has changed over time. Transitional fossils are unrelated to evolution. Tiktaalik is a type of mammal, and Archaeopteryx is a type of reptile.

Compare and contrast gradualism and punctuated equilibrium ● What do we know that Darwin didn’t that leads us to believe punctuated equilibria is more likely than gradualism?

• Gradualism suggests that speciation occurs slowly through the accumulation of small variations.

• Punctuated equilibria proposes that change occurs quickly followed by long periods of stability.

• Darwin understood the role of mutation in evolution, which supports gradualism.

• Gradualism is based on the idea that species remain unchanged for long periods.

What role did the following scientists play in influencing Charles Darwin? Georges Cuvier

• Cuvier proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection.

• Cuvier discovered the concept of extinction and that fossils are evidence of past life.

• Cuvier was the first to classify living organisms into kingdoms.

• Cuvier introduced the idea of genetic inheritance.

In our amino acid lab, what was the effect of looking at cytochrome instead of hemoglobin?

• Cytochromes can be used to compare organisms that carry out aerobic respiration, while hemoglobin is limited to mammals.

• Cytochromes are only found in plants, making them unsuitable for comparison with hemoglobin.

• Hemoglobin is more efficient in transporting electrons than cytochromes.

• Cytochromes are primarily involved in photosynthesis, unlike hemoglobin.