Exploring the Cell: Structure and Function

What are the main components of a eukaryotic cell?

• Nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, cell membrane.

• Centrioles, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton

• Cell wall, chloroplasts, ribosomes

• Cytoplasm, vacuoles, plasmodesmata

Describe the function of the nucleus in a cell.

• The nucleus functions as the control center of the cell, containing DNA and regulating gene expression.

• The nucleus transports nutrients throughout the cell.

• The nucleus is responsible for protein synthesis.

• The nucleus produces energy for the cell.

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

• Ribosomes store genetic information for protein synthesis.

• Ribosomes transport proteins to the cell membrane.

• Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

• Ribosomes break down proteins into amino acids.

How does the structure of the cell membrane facilitate its function?

• The cell membrane is primarily composed of carbohydrates that provide energy to the cell.

• The cell membrane's structure is solely responsible for DNA replication.

• The cell membrane is rigid and does not allow any substances to pass through.

• The structure of the cell membrane, with its phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins, facilitates selective permeability and communication, essential for cell function.

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Eukaryotic cells are always smaller than prokaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles.

• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles; eukaryotic cells lack these features.

• Prokaryotic cells are multicellular while eukaryotic cells are unicellular.

Explain the process of osmosis in relation to cell membranes.

• Osmosis is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.

• Osmosis is the diffusion of gases through a permeable membrane.

• Osmosis occurs when cells actively transport water against the concentration gradient.

• Osmosis is the movement of solutes through a membrane from high to low water concentration.

What is the function of mitochondria in cellular respiration?

• Mitochondria regulate the cell's water balance.

• Mitochondria store genetic information for the cell.

• Mitochondria are responsible for protein synthesis.

• Mitochondria convert nutrients into ATP during cellular respiration.

Describe the stages of cellular respiration.

• Glycolysis, Lactic Acid Cycle, and Fermentation

• Krebs Cycle, Calvin Cycle, and Glycolysis

• Fermentation, Photosynthesis, and Glycolysis

• The stages of cellular respiration are Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain.

What is ATP and why is it important for cellular processes?

• ATP is primarily used for storing genetic information.

• ATP is a type of protein that helps in cell division.

• ATP is a waste product of cellular respiration.

• ATP is the main energy currency of the cell, essential for powering cellular processes.

How do plant cells differ from animal cells in structure?

• Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles, while animal cells do not.

• Plant cells lack a nucleus, while animal cells have one.

• Animal cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles.

• Animal cells have a rigid structure, while plant cells are flexible.