GED social studies terms

Specialization 

• the situation in which a nation produces a narrower range of goods and services than they consume/specialization in mass production occurs when a worker repeats a single operation over and over
•  any one of various systems in which the means of producing goods are owned by the community or the government rather than by private individuals with all people sharing in the work and the goods produced. 
•  the rule-governed relationships of individuals and groups within a society that holds it together. 
• the person, body, or state in which independent and supreme authority is vested; such as, in a monarchy, a king, queen, or emperor---in the United States, the people. 

Capitalism

•  economic system characterized by the following: private property ownership exists; individuals and companies are allowed to compete for their own economic gain; and free market forces determine the prices of goods and services. 
• the final state of social evolution according to Marx, in which the state has withered away and economic goods are distributed according to need. 
•  power is shared between two sets of governmental institutions, those of the states and those of the central or federal authorities, as stipulated by the Constitution
•  The belief that nations will benefit from acting independently rather than collectively, emphasizing national rather than international goals. 

Social organization 

• the situation in which a nation produces a narrower range of goods and services than they consume/specialization in mass production occurs when a worker repeats a single operation over and over
•  any one of various systems in which the means of producing goods are owned by the community or the government rather than by private individuals with all people sharing in the work and the goods produced. 
•  the rule-governed relationships of individuals and groups within a society that holds it together. 
• the person, body, or state in which independent and supreme authority is vested; such as, in a monarchy, a king, queen, or emperor---in the United States, the people. 

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 

• a series of gradual changes bringing about a result. 
• Got rid of Brown vs Board of education
• the court ruled that segregation was illegal so long as facilities for blacks and whites were equal. 
• the court ruled that segregation was legal so long as facilities for blacks and whites were equal. 

Sovereign 

• the situation in which a nation produces a narrower range of goods and services than they consume/specialization in mass production occurs when a worker repeats a single operation over and over
•  any one of various systems in which the means of producing goods are owned by the community or the government rather than by private individuals with all people sharing in the work and the goods produced. 
•  the rule-governed relationships of individuals and groups within a society that holds it together. 
• the person, body, or state in which independent and supreme authority is vested; such as, in a monarchy, a king, queen, or emperor---in the United States, the people. 

Shortage

• movement to improve unsatisfactory conditions. 
• the situation resulting when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied of a good, service, or resource. 
• period after the Civil War when the south was re-built; also, the Federal program to rebuild it. 
•  rules and laws the government makes to control the economy. In laissezfaire economic systems there is no regulation of the economy. In the United States, the government participates in the economy to assure the accomplishment of the economic goals of government.

Socialism 

• the situation in which a nation produces a narrower range of goods and services than they consume/specialization in mass production occurs when a worker repeats a single operation over and over
•  any one of various systems in which the means of producing goods are owned by the community or the government rather than by private individuals with all people sharing in the work and the goods produced. 
•  the rule-governed relationships of individuals and groups within a society that holds it together. 
• the person, body, or state in which independent and supreme authority is vested; such as, in a monarchy, a king, queen, or emperor---in the United States, the people. 

Adapt

• to change or tailor something to fit, humans change their environment or their way of doing something to fit their current needs or goals. 
• information provided to encourage the purchase or use of a good, service or idea by emphasizing its positive qualities. 
• efforts to recruit or hire members of underrepresented groups, such as women and minorities. 
• devotion or loyalty. 

Comunism

•  economic system characterized by the following: private property ownership exists; individuals and companies are allowed to compete for their own economic gain; and free market forces determine the prices of goods and services. 
• the final state of social evolution according to Marx, in which the state has withered away and economic goods are distributed according to need. 
•  power is shared between two sets of governmental institutions, those of the states and those of the central or federal authorities, as stipulated by the Constitution
•  The belief that nations will benefit from acting independently rather than collectively, emphasizing national rather than international goals. 

Reconstruction 

• movement to improve unsatisfactory conditions. 
• the situation resulting when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied of a good, service, or resource. 
• period after the Civil War when the south was re-built; also, the Federal program to rebuild it. 
•  rules and laws the government makes to control the economy. In laissezfaire economic systems there is no regulation of the economy. In the United States, the government participates in the economy to assure the accomplishment of the economic goals of government.