STAAR Review: Pro v. Eu

What is the primary structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Presence of a cell wall

• Presence of a nucleus

• Presence of ribosomes

• Presence of mitochondria

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?

• DNA located in the cytoplasm

• Membrane-bound organelles

• Cell membrane

• Ribosomes

Explain how the complexity of eukaryotic cells contributes to their ability to perform specialized functions compared to prokaryotic cells.

• Eukaryotic cells have a simpler structure, allowing for more efficient processes.

• Eukaryotic cells have specialized organelles that allow for compartmentalization of functions.

• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus that allows for more complex processes.

• Prokaryotic cells have more DNA, which allows for more complex functions.

Compare the genetic material organization in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

• Both have linear DNA organized in chromosomes.

• Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA, while eukaryotic cells have linear DNA organized in chromosomes.

• Both have circular DNA.

• Eukaryotic cells have circular DNA, while prokaryotic cells have linear DNA organized in chromosomes.

Evaluate the impact of cellular complexity on the evolution of multicellular organisms.

• Cellular complexity has no impact on the evolution of multicellular organisms.

• Cellular complexity allows for the specialization of cells, which is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms.

• Cellular complexity hinders the evolution of multicellular organisms.

• Cellular complexity is only important for single-celled organisms.

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Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Energy production

• Protein synthesis

• DNA replication

• Lipid synthesis

Identify a key difference in the cell division process between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

• Both use mitosis for cell division.

• Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission, while eukaryotic cells divide by mitosis.

• Eukaryotic cells divide by binary fission, while prokaryotic cells divide by mitosis.

• Both use binary fission for cell division.

Analyze how the presence of a nucleus in eukaryotic cells affects their genetic processes compared to prokaryotic cells.

• The nucleus allows for simultaneous transcription and translation.

• The nucleus separates transcription from translation, allowing for more complex regulation of gene expression.

• The nucleus has no effect on genetic processes.

• The nucleus allows for faster DNA replication.

What is a common feature of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Both have a nucleus.

• Both have a cell membrane.

• Both have mitochondria.

• Both have chloroplasts.

Discuss how scientific explanations for cellular complexity have evolved over time.

• Scientific explanations have remained unchanged.

• Scientific explanations have evolved from viewing cells as simple structures to understanding them as complex systems with specialized functions.

• Scientific explanations have become simpler over time.

• Scientific explanations have focused solely on the genetic material of cells.

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