Unit 4 Study Guide

Why is water conservation an important issue?

• Over 99% of Earth's available water is undrinkable due to its salt content.

• The only freshwater that is usable by humans is contained inside living things.

• Less than 1% of Earth's freshwater is immediately available for use by humans.

• Freshwater is disappearing quickly due to the melting of ground ice and permafrost.

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What is caused by the force of gravity between the Moon and Earth?

• ocean tides

• phases of the Moon

• seasons on Earth

• planets' motion in orbit

What is the primary cause of water evaporation from Earth's oceans and lakes?

• energy from the Sun

• heat from the surrounding land

• warm air masses from the tropics

• circulation of warm water currents

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Which statement BEST explains how the Moon causes tides?

• A. A full moon causes high tides, a new moon causes low tides, and other phases of the Moon cause tides that rise and fall.

• B. The force of the Moon's gravity pulls ocean water along a beach or harbor up into a high tide for a few hours and then lets it drop to low tide.

• C. The pull of the Moon's gravity causes ocean water to bulge out, and the tidal bulge moves around the world as Earth rotates and the Moon orbits Earth.

• D. When the Moon is over an ocean beach or harbor at night, the tide in that place forms a high tide, and it forms a low tide when the Moon is not visible during the day.

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If Maria draws a topography map of the ocean, which of these features would be closest to the coast?

• continental slope

• continental shelf

• ocean trench

• continental rise

The graph shows the distribution of water on Earth's surface. What can be concluded from the image?

• Most of the freshwater on Earth is found in oceans.

• Most of the water available on Earth is not drinkable.

• Most of the water available on Earth is drinkable.

• Most of the freshwater on Earth is found as groundwater.

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The picture below shows a model of the water cycle in an aquarium. What would happen if a second lamp were added to the experiment?

• A. There would be less condensation produced.

• B. The clay would soak up more of the water.

• C. The ice would melt slower, producing fewer drops of water.

• D. The ice would melt and water would evaporate faster.

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• Pacific

• Y

• Atlantic

• X

• Indian

• Z

• Arctic

• W

Select three stages of the water cycle that are necessary for it to rain.

• deposition

• precipitation

• evaporation

• sublimation

• condensation

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Which ocean temperature zone is the warmest?

• littoral zone

• thermocline

• deep zone

• surface zone