Learning through Conditioning

What is classical conditioning?

• A process where an organism learns to associate a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.

• A method of learning through rewards and punishments.

• A type of learning that involves observing and imitating others.

• A form of learning that occurs through trial and error.

In Pavlov's experiment, what was the conditioned stimulus (CS)?

• The food

• The bell ringing

• The dog

• The salivation

What is a conditioned response (CR)?

• A behavior that is emitted rather than elicited.

• A learned reflex that can be adaptive or maladaptive.

• A response that decreases the probability of a behavior recurring.

• A response that occurs naturally without any prior learning.

What does stimulus generalisation refer to?

• Learning to respond to a restricted range of stimuli.

• Learning to respond to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus.

• The weakening of a conditioned response.

• The increase in response due to reinforcement.

What happens during extinction in classical conditioning?

• The conditioned response is strengthened.

• The conditioned response is weakened by presenting the CS without the UCS.

• The organism learns to respond to a broader range of stimuli.

• The conditioned stimulus is paired with a new unconditioned stimulus.

What is operant conditioning?

• Learning by observing others.

• Learning through experiencing rewards and punishments.

• Learning through repeated exposure to a stimulus.

• Learning through the association of two stimuli.

What is reinforcement in operant conditioning?

• A learned reflex that can be adaptive or maladaptive.

• A consequence that increases the probability of a response recurring.

• A stimulus that naturally triggers a response.

• A consequence that decreases the probability of a response recurring.

What is the role of punishments in operant conditioning?

• To create a new conditioned response.

• To increase the probability of a response recurring.

• To decrease the probability of a response recurring.

• To generalize the response to similar stimuli.

What occurs during extinction in operant conditioning?

• The operant is reinforced with a new stimulus.

• The operant is followed by a new consequence.

• The operant is not followed by the consequences previously associated with it.

• The operant is punished to decrease its occurrence.

What is the primary focus of operant conditioning?

• Responding to a stimulus with a reflex.

• Associating two stimuli to produce a response.

• Learning through observation and imitation.

• Operating on the environment to produce a consequence.