Intro into Molecular Biology

Which structural feature is present in prokaryotic cells

but absent in eukaryotic cells?

• Peptidoglycan cell wall

• Cell membrane

• Ribosomes

• mitochondria

Which of the following is a major difference between

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding DNA organisation?

• Prokaryotic DNA is found in the nucleus while eukaryotic DNA is in the cytoplasm

• Prokaryotic DNA is linear while eukaryotic DNA is circular

• Prokaryotic DNA contains introns while eukaryotic DNA does not

• Prokaryotic DNA lacks histones while eukaryotic DNA is associated with histones

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

• DNA → RNA → Protein → DNA

• RNA → DNA → Protein

• DNA → RNA → Protein

• Protein → RNA → DNA

What is the primary STRUCTURAL difference between DNA and RNA?

• DNA contains adenine while RNA contains guanine

• DNA contains 2'-deoxyribose (lacking an OH group at the 2' position), while RNA contains ribose.

• DNA is double-stranded while RNA is always single-stranded

• DNA uses the codon AUG to initiate translation while RNA uses GUG

Which of the following is a characteristic of RNA but NOT DNA?

• Presence of thymine

• Double-stranded structure

• Presence of uracil

• Phosphate backbone

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

• Ligase

• DNA Polymerase

• Helicase

• Primase

Which of the following best describes the function of mRNA?

• Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

• Catalyses peptide bond formation during translation

• Transports amino acids to the ribosome

• Forms part of the ribosomal structure

What is a codon?

• A type of tRNA molecule.

• A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that codes for an amino acid.

•  A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein.

• A sequence of amino acids in a protein.

In Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which process mimics/represents DNA replication?

• Protein synthesis

• Enzymatic amplification of specific DNA segments

• Transcription of DNA into RNA

• RNA splicing

Which technique is used to detect and measure RNA expression levels?

• Southern blotting

• Immunoprecipitation

• Western blotting

• Northern blotting