Honors Genetics Review

allele

• a certain form of a gene

• a type of chromosome

• a genetic mutation

• a protein structure

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Prophase II

• The 2 new cells are haploid; they DO NOT undergo DNA replication

• The 2 new cells are haploid; they DO NOT undergo DNA replication

• The 2 new cells are haploid; they undergo DNA replication

• The 2 new cells are diploid; they DO NOT undergo DNA replication

Edward Syndrome

• Trisomy 21 genotype; low birth weight, abnormal growth of skull, jaw, ears, and neck; cleft palate is common; club feet, webbed toes - average survival is 1-2 years

• Trisomy 18 genotype; low birth weight, abnormal growth of skull, jaw, ears, and neck; cleft palate is common; club feet, webbed toes - average survival is 3-12 days

• Trisomy 13 genotype; normal birth weight, normal growth of skull, jaw, ears, and neck; cleft palate is rare; club feet, webbed toes - average survival is 1-3 months

• Monosomy 18 genotype; high birth weight, abnormal growth of skull, jaw, ears, and neck; cleft palate is common; club feet, webbed toes - average survival is 6-12 months

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

phenotype

• physical characteristics caused by your genes (freckles)

• the genetic makeup of an organism

• the process of cell division

• the study of heredity

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Telophase I/Cytokinesis

• Spindle fibers disappear; cytoplasm pinches and two new cells are formed (different from each other AND the original!)

• Chromosomes align at the cell equator and spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.

• Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the cell prepares for division.

• Chromosomes are duplicated and condensed, ready for separation.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Metaphase I

• Homologous chromosome pairs line up in the middle of the cell; spindle fibers attach

• Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

• Chromosomes condense and become visible

• Nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes

Metaphase II

• Chromosomes line up at center of the cell; spindle fibers attach

• Chromosomes are duplicated and begin to condense

• Chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell

• Nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

polygenic

• having many pairs of genes control a trait

• controlled by a single gene

• influenced by environmental factors only

• resulting from a mutation in one gene

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-3

Telophase II/Cytokinesis

• Cytoplasm pinches; results in 4 haploid daughter cells (gametes)

• Cytoplasm divides unequally, resulting in 2 diploid cells

• Chromosomes align at the cell equator before separation

• Nuclear membrane reforms, and DNA is replicated

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Patau Syndrome

• Trisomy 13 genotype; heart defects, cleft palate, seizures, polydactyly - most die within weeks of birth

• Trisomy 18 genotype; severe developmental delays and heart defects

• Trisomy 21 genotype; characterized by Down syndrome features

• Monosomy X genotype; Turner syndrome with short stature and infertility

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2