chapter 11 FINAL (woods questions)

A historian interpreting the decree would best understand the purpose of the “new legislation” referred to in the second paragraph as an attempt to:

• Allow the Ottoman government to compete against industrializing European powers

• Establish the Ottoman Empire as a European power by conquering territory in southern Europe

• Establish Ottoman colonies in sub-Saharan Africa to extract natural resources for factories

• Allow the Ottoman government to reconquer territories lost to the Safavid and Mughal empires

The decree’s references to following the rules of Shari‘a would best be interpreted as an attempt to appeal to:

• Sunni religious elites within the Ottoman government who opposed modernization

• Christian and Jewish merchants within Ottoman society who sought to benefit from economic liberalization

• Shi‘a communities in the Ottoman Empire that wanted a democratic Islamic republic

• Members of the Ottoman military establishment who supported the dissolution of elite units such as the Janissaries

The decree’s statement regarding the change in the situation of the Ottoman Empire, as described in the first paragraph, is a viewpoint that would most likely have been shared by members of which of the following governments in the nineteenth century?

• The Qing Empire in the aftermath of the signing of the unequal treaties

• The Mughal Empire in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion against the British

• The Russian Empire in the aftermath of its victory in the Napoleonic War

• The Japanese Empire in the immediate aftermath of the Sino-Japanese War

Which of the following groups in late-nineteenth-century Egypt would have been most likely to support the author’s view in the third paragraph about the status of women in “modern civilization”?

• The urban middle class

• The landed aristocracy

• Muslim religious scholars

• Rural peasants

The letter’s reference in the third paragraph to the claims of “our doctors and scientists” is best understood in the context of which of the following late nineteenth-century processes?

• Physical differences between genders and racial groups were used to justify the denial of rights to women and non-Europeans

• The achievements of medieval Muslim science became known in the West, stimulating new interest in biology and medicine

• Bourgeois ideas of cultural and literary refinement became prevalent in many parts of the world

• The scientific method stressing experimentation and the collection of empirical evidence was discovered and first used

The disputes over women’s social status alluded to in the letter best reflect which of the following late nineteenth-century changes in Middle Eastern societies?

• The spread of intellectual and political ideals that advocated for natural rights

• The expansion of mass public education for both boys and girls

• The growing popular support for parliamentary forms of governance

• The abolition of the veil following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire

The Meiji Restoration of the nineteenth century involved internal reforms that included which of the following?

• The modernization of Japan’s military

• The establishment of direct parliamentary rule

• The abolition of private property rights

• The strengthening of the samurai class

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the economic development of Japan and the economic development of Russia in the nineteenth century?

• Both countries industrialized, with the state playing an important role in the process.

• Russia’s industrialization occurred in the early 1800s, while Japan’s industrialization occurred in the late 1800s.

• Both countries remained dependent on the West for their economic development.

• Japan’s economy remained predominantly agrarian, while Russia became a major industrial power.

The industrialization of Japan in the nineteenth century most directly led to Japan’s adoption of which of the following foreign policies?

• A policy of imperial expansion that sought to take advantage of the political and military weakness of neighboring Asian states

• A policy of promoting regional prosperity through the negotiation of free-trade agreements with Western and Asian states

• A policy of isolation that sought to limit foreign cultural, economic, and political influences

• A policy of mediation that sought to prevent conflict among rival states

The image from Japan during the Meiji Restoration best exemplifies which of the following processes?

• Increased emphasis on international cooperation as a result of the lowering of trade barriers

• Cultural changes accompanying greater contact with the United States

• Attempts by conservative members of society to maintain indigenous traditions

• Greater freedom for women resulting from democratization