N6 OS

What is the primary role of an operating system?

• To execute user programs directly.

• To manage hardware resources and provide services for programs

• To compile source code

• To optimize CPU clock speed

Answer explanation

The primary role of an operating system is to manage hardware resources and provide services for programs, ensuring efficient operation and coordination between software and hardware.

Which component of the OS is responsible for low-level critical tasks like memory and process management?

• Sheel

• User interface

• Kernel

• Scheduler

Answer explanation

The kernel is the core component of the operating system that manages low-level tasks such as memory allocation and process scheduling, making it essential for system functionality.

Which OS type allows execution of jobs in groups without user interaction?

• Real-time OS

• Multi-user OS

• Batch OS

• Mobile OS

Answer explanation

Batch OS allows jobs to be executed in groups without user interaction, making it efficient for processing large volumes of data. This is in contrast to other OS types, which may require user input during execution.

What is the correct sequence in a typical process lifecycle?

• Running → Ready → Blocked → Terminated

• Ready → Running → Blocked → Ready → Terminated

• Start → Running → Blocked → Terminated

• locked → Ready → Start → Running → Terminated

Answer explanation

The correct sequence is 'Ready → Running → Blocked → Ready → Terminated'. A process starts in the Ready state, moves to Running, can be Blocked if it waits for resources, returns to Ready, and finally terminates.

What is the key difference between threads and processes?

• Threads use more memory than processes

• Threads do not require a PCB

• Threads share memory and resources within the same process

• Processes can run without the OS

Answer explanation

The key difference is that threads share memory and resources within the same process, allowing for efficient communication and resource usage, while processes are isolated and do not share memory.

What is a race condition?

• When a thread is terminated unexpectedly

• When multiple threads access shared data concurrently and cause inconsistency

• When processes complete tasks faster than expected

• When memory is not properly released

Answer explanation

A race condition occurs when multiple threads access shared data at the same time, leading to unpredictable results and data inconsistency. This makes the second choice the correct answer.

What is virtual memory?

• A form of cloud storage

• A memory type located on the GPU

• Using disk space to extend RAM capabilities

• A special partitioning for installing operating systems

Answer explanation

Virtual memory is a technique that uses disk space to extend the capabilities of RAM, allowing a computer to run larger applications than its physical memory would normally allow.

What is the purpose of file system mounting in Linux/UNIX?

• To format a file

• To hide a directory from users

• To grant root privileges

• To attach a file system to a directory in the hierarchy

Answer explanation

The purpose of file system mounting in Linux/UNIX is to attach a file system to a directory in the hierarchy, allowing access to the files and directories within that file system through the specified mount point.

Which directory structure allows the creating of subdirectories?

• Tree-structured directory

• Two-level directory

• Single-level directory

• Flat directory

Answer explanation

A tree-structured directory allows for the creation of subdirectories, enabling a hierarchical organization of files. In contrast, single-level, flat, and two-level directories do not support this feature.

What differentiates a program form a process?

• Programs are dynamic, processes are static

• Processes are passive code blocks

• Programs are always running

• Process is a running instance of a program

Answer explanation

A process is defined as a running instance of a program, meaning it is the execution of the program's code. This differentiates it from a program, which is a static set of instructions stored on disk.