topic 6 pt 2 ppt notes

What does the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase establish and maintain?

• Concentration gradients for Na⁺ and K⁺

• Concentration gradients for Cl⁻ and Ca²⁺

• Concentration gradients for glucose and ATP

• Concentration gradients for proteins and lipids

What is the charge inside a neuron at rest compared to the outside?

• Positive

• Negative

• Neutral

• Variable

What is the approximate resting potential of a neuron?

• +70 mV

• -70 mV

• 0 mV

• -30 mV

Which ions have more abundant channels in the cell membrane?

• Na⁺

• K⁺

• Cl⁻

• Ca²⁺

What type of ions are more abundant inside the cell?

• Cations

• Anions

• Neutral ions

• Heavy metals

What allows passive movements of ions across the cell membrane?

• Active transport

• Ungated K⁺ and Na⁺ channels

• ATP synthesis

• Protein synthesis

What is the role of anions such as proteins inside the cell?

• They are more abundant outside the cell.

• They are more abundant inside the cell.

• They are equally distributed inside and outside.

• They are not present in the cell.

What happens to Na⁺ ions at rest in a neuron?

• They leak out a lot.

• They leak in a little bit.

• They do not move.

• They are actively pumped out.

What happens to K⁺ ions at rest in a neuron?

• They leak out a little bit.

• They leak in a lot.

• They do not move.

• They are actively pumped in.

What is the effect of K⁺ leakage on the charge inside the neuron?

• It becomes more positive.

• It becomes more negative.

• It remains unchanged.

• It becomes neutral.