Chapter 1: Basic Concepts and Principles in Language Testing

What is the main difference between testing and assessment?

• Testing is broader and continuous, while assessment is a one-time evaluation.

• Testing is a formal assessment method, while assessment includes both formal and informal methods.

• Assessment is only quantitative, while testing is qualitative.

• Testing is always related to standardized exams, while assessment is not.

What is the best definition of "reliability" in language testing?

• The test is easy to administer.

• The test measures what it intends to measure.

• The test yields the same results over time.

• The test is low-cost and practical.

A teacher gives the same test to the same student at two different times, and the results differ significantly. Which principle is most affected?

• Reliability

• Practicality

• Reliability

• Backwash effect

What type of reliability ensures that a test aligns with an established external standard?

• Structural reliability

• Content-related reliability

• Criterion-related reliability

• Consequential reliability

An example of a positive impact is what?

• Students develop anxiety due to frequent testing.

• Teachers adjust their teaching based on test results to improve learning.

• Schools focus only on test-taking strategies instead of real skills.

• A standardized test forces teachers to limit the curriculum.

What does "validity" mean in language testing?

• The test uses language that reflects communication in the real world.

• The test has clear instructions and is easy to score.

• The test provides numerical results to rank students.

• The test is not related to real-life situations.

A test that requires students to engage in a conversation instead of answering multiple-choice questions. This test is an example of:

• Practicality

• Validity

• Reliability

• Negative impact

Which factor is NOT a common cause of test unreliability?

• Student fatigue or anxiety

• Inconsistency in scoring among different examiners

• The test aligns with the course objectives

• External distractions during the test

What is the best description of consequential validity?

• Ensuring a test fairly represents the content of the course

• Comparing test results with another established measure

• Evaluating how test results affect learning and decision-making

• Checking whether test scores are consistent over time

A test that takes too much time to complete and is difficult to grade will be considered low in:

• Validity

• Practicality

• Reliability

• Reliability