AP Biology: Unit 7 Review (CED)

What is the role of mutations in evolution?

• Mutations introduce genetic variation, which can lead to new traits that may be beneficial for survival and reproduction.

• Mutations are harmful changes that always lead to extinction.

• Mutations have no impact on the genetic makeup of a population.

• Mutations only occur in response to environmental changes.

What is a cladogram?

• A type of tree used for decoration.

• A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

• A method for measuring the height of trees.

• A chart that displays the nutritional value of different foods.

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

• Genotype refers to the observable characteristics of an organism, while phenotype refers to the genetic makeup.

• Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to the observable characteristics resulting from the genotype.

• Genotype and phenotype are the same and can be used interchangeably.

• Genotype refers to the environmental influences on an organism, while phenotype refers to the inherited traits.

What is the importance of genetic variation in a population?

• It allows populations to reproduce more quickly.

• It provides the raw material for natural selection, allowing populations to adapt to changing environments.

• It decreases the chances of extinction.

• It ensures that all individuals in a population are genetically identical.

What is reproductive success?

• The ability to survive in a given environment.

• The passing of genes to the next generation, often measured by the number of offspring produced that survive to reproduce.

• The total number of species in an ecosystem.

• The process of natural selection favoring certain traits.

Define allopatric speciation.

• Allopatric speciation is the process of speciation that occurs when populations are geographically isolated from each other.

• Allopatric speciation occurs when two species evolve in the same geographic area without any barriers.

• Allopatric speciation is the formation of new species through hybridization in overlapping ranges.

• Allopatric speciation is the process where species evolve due to changes in their diet.

Why are single HIV drugs ineffective over time?

• They are not strong enough to kill the virus.

• Mutations in the HIV genome lead to reproductive success, allowing the virus to become resistant to the drugs.

• The drugs are too expensive for widespread use.

• They only target one strain of the virus.

What is the significance of phenotype in evolution?

• Phenotype is the trait that natural selection acts upon, influencing survival and reproduction.

• Phenotype is irrelevant to evolution and does not affect species adaptation.

• Phenotype only refers to physical traits and has no impact on genetic variation.

• Phenotype is a measure of genetic diversity within a population.

What does natural selection act on?

• Genotypes, which are the genetic makeup of an organism.

• Phenotypes, which are the observable traits of an organism.

• Ecosystems, which are communities of living organisms.

• Species, which are groups of similar organisms.

What is the concept of fitness in evolutionary biology?

• Fitness refers to an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment, contributing to the gene pool of the next generation.

• Fitness is the measure of an organism's speed and agility in its habitat.

• Fitness indicates the physical strength of an organism compared to others in its species.

• Fitness is the ability of an organism to adapt to changing environmental conditions.