Unit 2 Pt 2 Word Wall

Genotype

• DNA sequence of an individual

  ex) BB, Bb, or bb

• Physical appearance of an individual

  ex) Tall, short, or medium

• Chromosomal structure of an organism

  ex) 46 chromosomes in humans

• Environmental factors affecting traits

  ex) Climate, nutrition, or habitat

Gene Expression

• All cells have the same DNA but express different genes based on their location.

• All cells express the same genes regardless of their location.

• Gene expression is only relevant in multicellular organisms.

• Only stem cells can express different genes based on their location.

Phenotype

• Physical characteristics of an individual based on Genotype

• The genetic makeup of an individual

• The environment's influence on an organism

• The process of natural selection

Mutation

• A source of variation where a mistake in the DNA code can be made during DNA replication or due to environmental factor

• A process that leads to the formation of new species over time

• A type of genetic engineering used to enhance crop yields

• A method of DNA repair that corrects errors in the genetic code

Homozygous

• 2 of the SAME alleles in a genotype

• 2 different alleles in a genotype

• Only one allele present in a genotype

• No alleles present in a genotype

Complete Dominance

• A form of dominance where the dominant allele completely hides the recessive allele when both are present.

• A type of genetic interaction where both alleles are equally expressed.

• A situation where neither allele is dominant, resulting in a blend of traits.

• A form of dominance where the recessive allele is expressed only in the absence of the dominant allele.

Heterozygous

• Two SAME alleles in a genotype

• Two DIFFERENT alleles in a genotype

• One dominant and one recessive allele

• All alleles are identical in a genotype

Meiosis

• A form of cell division that produces gametes (sex cells) and goes through two cell divisions

• A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells

• A process that occurs only in somatic cells

• A method of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms

Nondisjunction

• A form of genetic variation where homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis; too many or too few chromosomes are passed down to gametes

• A process where chromosomes are duplicated before cell division

• A type of mutation that occurs during DNA replication

• A mechanism that ensures equal distribution of chromosomes during cell division

Incomplete Dominance

• A type of dominance where one allele completely masks the effect of another

• A type of dominance where both alleles are expressed equally

• A type of dominance where when both alleles are present, the phenotypes blend

• A type of dominance that only occurs in plants