Genetic Material: Proteins or DNA?

What was the primary focus of Frederick Griffith's experiment?

• Identifying the structure of DNA

• Discovering the role of proteins in heredity

• Investigating the transformation of bacteria

• Studying the replication of viruses

What did Frederick Griffith call the substance responsible for transforming harmless bacteria into harmful ones?

• Genetic code

• Transforming factor

• Protein enzyme

• Nucleic acid

Which molecule did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty identify as the "transforming factor"?

• Protein

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• DNA

What type of organism did Hershey and Chase use in their experiments?

• Bacteriophage T2

• Fruit flies

• Bacteria

• Mice

In Griffith's experiment, what happened when heat-killed virulent bacteria were mixed with live non-virulent bacteria?

• The non-virulent bacteria remained harmless.

• The non-virulent bacteria became virulent.

• The virulent bacteria were revived.

• The mixture produced no change.

What was the key conclusion of Avery's experiment?

• DNA is the molecule responsible for transformation.

• RNA is the genetic material in bacteria.

• Lipids play a role in bacterial transformation.

• Proteins are the primary carriers of genetic information.

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, why was radioactive sulfur (³⁵S) used?

• To label the RNA of the bacteriophage

• To label the bacterial cell wall

• To label the DNA of the bacteriophage

• To label the protein coat of the bacteriophage

What did Hershey and Chase observe in their experiment that supported DNA as the genetic material?

• Radioactive sulfur (³⁵S) was found inside the bacterial cells.

• Both DNA and protein entered the bacterial cells.

• Radioactive phosphorus (³²P) was found inside the bacterial cells.

• Neither DNA nor protein entered the bacterial cells.

How did Griffith's experiment lay the groundwork for Avery's later discovery?

• Griffith identified DNA as the transforming factor.

• Griffith demonstrated that genetic material could be transferred between bacteria.

• Griffith proved that proteins were not involved in heredity.

• Griffith discovered the structure of DNA.

What would have been the outcome of Hershey and Chase's experiment if proteins were the genetic material?

• Both radioactive sulfur and phosphorus would have been detected.

• Neither radioactive sulfur nor phosphorus would have been detected.

• Radioactive phosphorus (³²P) would have been found inside the bacterial cells.

• Radioactive sulfur (³⁵S) would have been found inside the bacterial cells.