Unit Five Review Questions

Which of the following is a source (cause) of genetic variation?

• Natural selection

• Genetic drift

• Mutations

• Gene flow

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What term describes the number of times an allele occurs within a gene pool?

• Genetic variation

• Allele frequency

• Natural selection

• Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

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Which type of selection favors individuals near the center of the curve?

• Stabilizing selection

• Disruptive selection

• Directional selection

• Genetic drift

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A population of birds has a diet of insects and seeds. The insect lives deep inside trees, requiring a long beak. In order to eat the seeds, birds need to have a short beak. Birds who have beak sizes that are not too short and not very long are often malnourished and have a decreased likelihood of survival. Which graph best represents this pattern of natural selection?

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The founder effect is an example of:

• Natural selection

• Gene flow

• Genetic drift

• Mutation

What condition is NOT required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

• No selection

• No mutations

• Small populations

• Random mating

How many pairs of chromosomes are typically found in a human karyotype?

• 22

• 23

• 24

• 46

What kind of disorder can be determined by studying a karyotype?

• an X-linked genetic disorder, such as color blindness

• a genetic disorder caused by a point mutation, such as sickle cell disease

• a chromosomal disorder, such as Down syndrome

• a genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele, such as Huntington’s disease

In a human pedigree, what shape represents a female?

• Square

• Circle

• Triangle

• Diamond

In the pedigree, those shaded in have attached earlobes. Based on the pedigree, are attached earlobes determined by a recessive allele or a dominant allele? What reason BEST explains this answer?

• A dominant allele, because attached earlobes are more common in the family

• A dominant allele, because attached earlobes are absent in generation I.

• A recessive allele, because attached earlobes are less common in the family.

• A recessive allele, because two parents with detached earlobes can have children with attached earlobes.

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