Mini Unit 11

Which theory of personality emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences in shaping behavior?

• Psychodynamic theory of personality
• Humanistic psychology
• Social-cognitive theory
• Trait theories of personality

Which defense mechanism involves refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality or experience that is apparent to others?

• Displacement
• Projection
• Regression
• Denial

According to psychodynamic theory, which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable desires to others?

• Projection
• Denial
• Displacement
• Rationalization

Which defense mechanism involves justifying behaviors by creating logical reasons for irrational behaviors or failures?

• Reaction formation
• Regression
• Rationalization
• Repression

When a person reverts to a childlike state during times of stress, which defense mechanism is being used?

• Rationalization
• Regression
• Sublimation
• Projection

Which defense mechanism involves redirecting one's unacceptable impulses onto a safer target?

• Displacement
• Rationalization
• Reaction formation
• Sublimation

Projective tests, such as the Rorschach inkblot test, aim to assess personality by:

• Evaluating conscious thoughts and behaviors
• Examining overt emotional responses
• Analyzing ambiguous stimuli and eliciting unconscious thoughts
• Observing interpersonal interactions

According to humanistic psychology, which term refers to accepting and respecting others without judgment or evaluation?

• Self-actualizing tendency
• Unconditional positive regard
• Reciprocal determinism
• Self-efficacy

Social-cognitive theory emphasizes the interaction of personal factors, behavior, and environmental influences. This interaction is known as:

• Reciprocal determinism
• Self-concept
• Self-efficacy
• Self-esteem

Self-efficacy refers to:

• The extent to which individuals believe they can control their emotions
• The evaluation of one's overall worth or value as a person
• Beliefs about one's ability to perform specific behaviors and produce desired outcomes
• The core set of traits that define an individual's personality