GCSE 8 Direct Theory of Perception

What is the main idea of Gibson’s Direct Theory of Perception?

• Perception is based on past experiences and expectations.
  

• Perception requires cognitive processes to interpret visual input.

• The brain constructs perception based on schemas and prior knowledge.

• We perceive the world real-time using sensory information from the environment.

According to Gibson, what is bottom-up processing?

• Using prior knowledge to interpret sensory input.

• Relying on experience to make sense of ambiguous stimuli.

• Taking in sensory information directly from the environment and processing it in the brain.

• Processing information by first recognizing patterns in the brain.

Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) Optic Array

,

(b) Optic Flow

,

(c) Invariants

,

(d) Affordance

• Clues about what an object can be used for based on visual cues.

• Unchanging visual properties that help maintain a consistent perception of objects.

• Patterns of moving kight in the optic array

• The pattern of light that enters the eye, providing visual information about the environment.

How does optic flow help in perception?

• It provides information about movement and direction through patterns of moving light.

• It allows us to see color, shape, and size with greater accuracy.

• It allows the brain to correct visual distortions in moving objects.

• It helps recognize familiar objects based on past experiences.

Which of the following is an example of an affordance?

• A table appearing to shrink as it moves away.

• Recognizing that a chair can be sat on.

• Seeing a door handle is an example of an affordance.

• Seeing colors appear brighter in sunlight

Which are major criticisms of Gibson’s Direct Theory of Perception?

• it ignores the role of prior knowledge and experience in perception

• It overemphasizes the importance of illusions

• It does not account for why people are fooled by visual illusions

• It cannot explain how we perceive depth and distance

How has Gibson’s theory been applied in real life?

• It supports the idea that perception is entirely based on experience.

• It has been used to explain how we remember visual scenes.

• It has been used in aviation to help pilots judge distance and speed during landing.

• It has helped improve the design of visual illusions.

As we move forwards through an optic array, the flow of objects appear to ...

• contract

• expanad

The optic flow of object further away from us is faster than those object close to us.

• False

• True

Which are being exemplified in this picture?

• an affordance

• an invariant

• height on a plane ratio

• dimension ratio