C5 Mid Cycle Review

Increased global temperatures resulting from increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have caused significant disruption to ecosystem stability. The diagram shows the carbon cycle. Which source in the diagram corresponds to the greatest cause of increased global temperatures?

• Carbonate rocks

• Carbon in marine sediments

• Fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas)

• Dissolved CO₂

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What type of relationship is exhibited between a clownfish and a sea anemone?

• A. Predation, because both organisms benefit from the relationship

• B. Parasitic, because one organism provides nutrients to another organism

• C. Commensalistic, because one organism provides shelter without harming the other organism

• D. Mutualistic, because both organisms benefit from the relationship

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How does this relationship between clownfish and sea anemones contribute to ecosystem stability?

• It helps maintain biodiversity by allowing both species to survive in their habitat, supporting the balance of the coral reef ecosystem.

• It causes a decrease in fish populations by limiting the resources available to other marine organisms.

• It disrupts ecosystem stability by making sea anemones overly dependent on clownfish for nutrients.

• It leads to competition between clownfish and other marine species, reducing overall species diversity.

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The diagram shows the nitrogen cycle. What is ONE way the nitrogen cycle contributes to ecosystem stability?

• The nitrogen cycle produces N2, which is used by decomposing bacteria when they break down dead organisms.

• The nitrogen cycle releases NO2, which is taken up by animals when they perform cellular respiration.

• The nitrogen cycle causes soil to collect NH4 that is used as a source of energy when producing new plants.

• The nitrogen cycle provides the necessary NH3 plants need to perform their metabolic processes.

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Oxpeckers, a type of bird, and gazelles have a special relationship.

Oxpeckers eat ticks that crawl around on the gazelle’s fur. In exchange, the

gazelle is cleaned of parasites.

Which of the following describes the relationship between the oxpecker and the gazelle?

• The oxpecker and the gazelle have a parasitic relationship, which creates an unstable ecosystem.

• The oxpecker and the gazelle have a mutualistic relationship, which supports a stable ecosystem.

• The oxpecker and the gazelle have a commensalistic relationship, which supports a stable ecosystem.

• The oxpecker and the gazelle have a mutualistic relationship, which creates an unstable ecosystem.

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Which location in the diagram is a source of carbon dioxide emissions that has the most negative impact on the ecosystem?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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How does commensalism relate to ecosystem stability?

• Commensalism supports a stable ecosystem by benefiting both organisms in the relationship.

• Commensalism supports a stable ecosystem by benefiting one organism without harming the other organism.

• Commensalism creates an unstable ecosystem by causing harm to one organism and benefiting the other organism.

• Commensalism creates an unstable ecosystem by harming both organisms in the relationship.

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Which of the following BEST describes how introducing an invasive species affects biodiversity in an ecosystem?

• Introducing an invasive species increases biodiversity because invasive species contribute to nutrient cycling.

• Introducing an invasive species decreases biodiversity because invasive species compete with native species for resources.

• Introducing an invasive species decreases biodiversity because invasive species cause habitat fragmentation.

• Introducing an invasive species increases biodiversity because invasive species help form a climax community.

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How might this human activity affect biodiversity?

• More coastline from decreasing sea levels will result in more places for native plants to grow and more biodiversity.

• Less coastline from increasing sea levels will result in fewer places for native plants to grow and less biodiversity.

• More coastline from decreasing sea levels will result in fewer places for native plants to grow and less biodiversity.

• Less coastline from increasing sea levels will result in more places for native plants to grow and more biodiversity.

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What is ONE conclusion that can be made from the table?

• A. Residential use of fossil fuels that produce more carbon dioxide prevents habitat loss in rural areas.

• B. Agriculture contributed the least to atmospheric carbon emissions, largely due to the continued use of pesticides on crops.

• C. Industry was the third-highest producer of carbon, so native ecosystems will show signs of improvement when factories release carbon dioxide.

• D. Transportation emissions contributed the most to an increase in atmospheric carbon, which results in an increase in global temperatures.

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