AP Psychology: Multiple-Choice Questions – Memory & Processing

Which of the following best defines memory?

• The process of getting information out of storage when needed.

• The ability to encode, store, and retrieve information over time.

• The process of recognizing patterns in external stimuli.

• The ability to process sensory information instantly without storage.

Which of the following is an example of encoding?

• Recalling a childhood friend’s name.

• Storing a fact in long-term memory.

• Linking a new concept to something you already know.

• Recognizing a familiar face in a crowd.

Which of the following best describes retrieval?

• The process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory.

• The process of retaining information over time.

• The process of accessing stored information when needed.

• The unconscious processing of information.

Automatic processing occurs when:

• A. You consciously focus on memorizing details.

• B. You effortlessly remember what you ate for breakfast.

• C. You actively try to recall a fact for a test.

• D. You repeat a phone number to yourself to remember it.

Which of the following is an example of effortful processing?

• Recalling the route to school without thinking.

• Memorizing a list of vocabulary words using flashcards.

• Instinctively knowing how to type on a keyboard.

• Recognizing your friend’s voice in a crowd.

What is the primary characteristic of iconic memory?

• It stores auditory information briefly.

• It stores visual information briefly.

• It processes information unconsciously.

• It retains information indefinitely.

Echoic memory is responsible for:

• Storing short-term memories indefinitely.

• Temporarily holding visual images in memory.

• The brief retention of auditory information.

• Storing meaningful memories for long-term use.

Which of the following is an example of working memory?

• Recalling your first day of school.

• Keeping a phone number in your head while dialing it.

• Knowing how to ride a bike without thinking.

• Memorizing the periodic table for a test.

In the working memory model, which component is responsible for directing attention and coordinating tasks?

• Phonological loop

• Central executive

• Visuospatial sketchpad

• Episodic buffer

Which of the following is handled by the visuospatial sketchpad?

• Repeating a phone number in your head.

• Mentally visualizing how to rearrange furniture in a room.

• Directing attention between multiple tasks.

• Recalling a list of grocery items.