U9: Unity & Diversity of Organisms Vocabulary

prokaryotic cell

• cell without nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

• cell with a defined nucleus

• cell that is always multicellular

• cell with membrane-bound organelles

adaptation

• trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

• a process of changing one's behavior

• a type of physical exercise

• a method of communication between species

homologous structures

• similar structures in different species due to common ancestry

• structures that serve the same function but have different evolutionary origins

• structures that are identical in form and function across species

• structures that arise from convergent evolution

eukaryotic cell

• cell with nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

• simple cell without a nucleus

• cell that only exists in multicellular organisms

• cell that lacks membrane-bound organelles

natural selection

• individuals with certain traits survive and reproduce at higher rates

• all individuals have an equal chance of survival

• only the strongest individuals survive

• traits are acquired during an individual's lifetime

analogous structure

• Body parts with common function, different structure

• Body parts with similar structure, different function

• Body parts that are identical in structure and function

• Body parts that have no relation to each other

cladogram

• diagram showing evolutionary relationships based on shared traits

• a type of graph used for statistical analysis

• a chart depicting the life cycle of a plant

• a map illustrating geographical distribution of species

stimuli

• Changes in environment affecting sensory organs

• Unconscious responses to external factors

• Physical reactions to emotional states

• Involuntary actions triggered by reflexes

fossil record

• information about past life, structure of organisms, diet, environment, order of existence

• a collection of modern animal species

• a record of geological formations

• a database of current climate data

charles darwin

• natural scientist who formulated theory of evolution by natural selection

• famous physicist known for the laws of motion

• biologist who discovered penicillin

• geologist who proposed continental drift theory