Metabolic Reactions Vocabulary

Mitochondria

• Site of photosynthesis in plant cells

• Site of cellular respiration; powerhouse of cells; converts glucose & oxygen into a form of energy our cells can use

• Storage of genetic information

• Production of ribosomes

cell

• Smallest unit of life, makes up all living things

• A type of tissue in the body

• A structure that provides support to plants

• A group of organs working together

Amylase

• An enzyme that helps with the digestion of complex carbohydrates

• A hormone that regulates blood sugar levels

• A protein that aids in muscle contraction

• A vitamin essential for skin health

Chemical reaction

• When new substances are produced from one or more molecules of the old substances. Molecules break apart, atoms rearrange, & join together to make new molecules.

• A process where molecules remain unchanged and no new substances are formed.

• A physical change where substances are mixed together without any chemical alteration.

• A reaction that only occurs at high temperatures and pressures.

Chemical Digestion

• Breakdown of food molecules through chemical reactions (results in a new substance)

• Mechanical breakdown of food into smaller pieces

• Absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream

• Conversion of food into energy through metabolic processes

Absorption

• The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules

• The movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine

• When food molecules go through the openings/gates in the small intestine & into the body

• The elimination of waste products from the body

Enzyme

• A type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body

• A special type of chemical that is found in saliva to help break down food & keep your mouth healthy & clean

• A mineral that helps in the formation of bones

• A carbohydrate that provides energy to the body

Villi

• Finger-like structures that line the small intestine

• Small sacs in the lungs for gas exchange

• Cells that produce insulin in the pancreas

• Muscle fibers that aid in digestion

Mechanical Digestion

• Breakdown of food through chemical reactions

• Breakdown of food through physical changes (results in smaller pieces of food)

• Absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream

• Production of enzymes for digestion

Digestive System

• The body system responsible for the breaking down & absorbing of food/nutrients

• The body system that circulates blood throughout the body

• The body system that regulates hormones and metabolism

• The body system that protects against infections and diseases