NGHS American Government Midterm (Big Ideas 1-3)

Which document established the first form of a social contract for the United States?

• Mayflower Compact

• The Constitution

• Articles of Confederation

• Declaration of Independence

Answer explanation

The Mayflower Compact, signed in 1620, is considered the first social contract in America, establishing a framework for self-governance among the Pilgrims. It laid the groundwork for future democratic principles in the U.S.

What is the main purpose of the Electoral College?

• To oversee the judicial system

• To elect the President of the United States

• To draft new laws

• To amend the Constitution

Answer explanation

The main purpose of the Electoral College is to elect the President of the United States. It is a unique system established by the Constitution, where electors from each state cast votes based on the popular vote in their state.

Which of the following is NOT one of the 6 principles of American government?

• Popular Sovereignty

• Federalism

• Monarchy

• Checks and Balances

Answer explanation

Monarchy is not one of the 6 principles of American government. The principles include Popular Sovereignty, Federalism, and Checks and Balances, which emphasize democracy and the distribution of power.

What are reserved powers?

• Powers given to the federal government

• Powers shared by state and federal governments

• Powers not delegated to the federal government and reserved for the states

• Powers given to the President

Answer explanation

Reserved powers are those not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution and are thus reserved for the states. This means states retain authority over areas not specifically assigned to the federal level.

What was the significance of Shays' Rebellion?

• It was the first battle of the American Revolution.

• It resulted in the creation of the Bill of Rights.

• It highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

• It led to the drafting of the Declaration of Independence.

Answer explanation

Shays' Rebellion was significant because it exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, demonstrating the inability of the federal government to maintain order and prompting calls for a stronger national government.

______ is the belief that the government gets its power from the people.

• Rule of Law

• Popular Sovereignty

• Checks and balances

• Federalism

Answer explanation

Popular Sovereignty is the belief that the government's authority comes from the consent of the governed, meaning the power lies with the people. This distinguishes it from concepts like Rule of Law or Federalism.

Which Enlightenment thinker's ideas on the separation of powers influenced the US Constitution?

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

• Montesquieu

• Voltaire

Answer explanation

Montesquieu's ideas on the separation of powers, outlined in his work 'The Spirit of the Laws', greatly influenced the framers of the US Constitution, promoting a system of checks and balances among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

Which of the following was a key argument of the Anti-Federalists?

• A strong central government would protect the rights of the people.

• The Articles of Confederation were sufficient for governing the nation.

• The proposed Constitution lacked a bill of rights to protect individual freedoms.

• A large republic could not effectively manage a diverse and extensive territory.

Answer explanation

The Anti-Federalists argued that the proposed Constitution lacked a bill of rights, which was essential to protect individual freedoms from potential government overreach.

Which document directly resulted from the failures of the Articles of Confederation?

• The Declaration of Independence

• The US Constitution

• The Federalist Papers

• The Bill of Rights

Answer explanation

The US Constitution was created to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, which failed to provide a strong federal government. It established a more effective framework for governance.

Anti-Federalists were concerned that the Constitution did not:

• Establish a national bank.

• Provide for the direct election of Senators.

• Specifically protect individual rights.

• Limit the powers of the executive branch sufficiently.

Answer explanation

Anti-Federalists were primarily concerned that the Constitution did not specifically protect individual rights, fearing that without such protections, citizens' liberties could be threatened by the government.