Tests the composite action of all plasma factors acting simultaneously.

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

is a measure of the ability of the blood to clot and is not influenced by the platelet functions other than PF3.

CAPILLARY or DALE AND LAIDLAW’S METHOD

Lee-White Method or Whole Blood Clotting Time

Puncture the ring/middle finger Start timer then transfer blood to slide every 30 seconds. Observe for fibrin string.

CAPILLARY or DALE AND LAIDLAW’S METHOD

Lee-White Method or Whole Blood Clotting Time

Collect non-heparinized blood Start timer and fill 3 capillets After 30 secs, break the capillet Observe for fibrin string.

CAPILLARY or DALE AND LAIDLAW’S METHOD

Lee-White Method or Whole Blood Clotting Time

Wash the test tube using sterile NSS Collect 3 ml of blood and transfer it to the test tube Every 30 secs, tilt the tube and observe for clot. NORMAL VALUE: 5-10 minutes

Lee-White Method or Whole Blood Clotting Time

CAPILLARY or DALE AND LAIDLAW’S METHOD

It also measures only the time required for the formation of the traces of thrombin sufficient to produce a visible clot.

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

More sensitive method than the coagulation time of whole blood because there is an activator added.

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

May reveal abnormality which is not detectable by the determination of the clotting time of venous blood.

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

Test for the INTRINSIC and COMMON pathways of coagulation.

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

Calcium ions and phospholipids that substitute for platelet phospholipids are added to blood plasma.

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

Detects deficiencies in Factors XII, XI, XI, VIII

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

Similar to PTT test but with the addition of activators to hasten the production of a visible result.

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

Test for the deficiencies of factors in the INTRINSIC system

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

Measures the EXTRINSIC and COMMON pathway of coagulation.

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

It is used to monitor oral anticoagulant therapy. Used to detect VII deficiency.

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

tissue thromboplastin and calcium added to plasma react to fibrinogen to form a clot. The thromboplastin added to the plasma takes the place of the tissue juice formation of extrinsic thromboplasitn. The prothrombin time is therefore prolonged if there is a deficiency of Factors V, VII or X or a very severe defieciency of Factor I and II.

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

Measures the time of the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin clot.

Stypven Time (Rusell’s viper venom Time)

MIXING STUDIES/SUBSTITUTION TEST

Evaluation of a prolonged thrombin time (PTT)

Stypven Time (Rusell’s viper venom Time)

MIXING STUDIES/SUBSTITUTION TEST

It is mainly used to confirm or exclude the presence of heparin in the specimen or specimen type.

Stypven Time (Rusell’s viper venom Time)

MIXING STUDIES/SUBSTITUTION TEST

Uses Reptilase from the snake venom of Bothrops atrox.

Stypven Time (Rusell’s viper venom Time)

MIXING STUDIES/SUBSTITUTION TEST

Used to distinguish deficiencies of Factor X and those of Factor VII.

Stypven Time (Rusell’s viper venom Time)

MIXING STUDIES/SUBSTITUTION TEST

It is also used to detect deficiencies in prothrombin, fibrinogen and factors V and X. It differs from prothrombin time in that deficiencies in factor VII are not detected.

Stypven Time (Rusell’s viper venom Time)

MIXING STUDIES/SUBSTITUTION TEST

Used to detect deficiency in Factor XIII.

Stypven Time (Rusell’s viper venom Time)

MIXING STUDIES/SUBSTITUTION TEST

A test used to pinpoint the exact coagulation factor that is deficient.

MIXING STUDIES/SUBSTITUTION TEST

Stypven Time (Rusell’s viper venom Time)

The patient’s plasma is mixed with a plasma/serum that contains known coagulation factors and PT and aPTT tests are repeated. If one or both of the results become normal, a coagulation factor deficiency is suggested. If the results remain the same, there might be a presence of an inhibitor eg. Warfarin, that inhibits the cascade.

MIXING STUDIES/SUBSTITUTION TEST

Stypven Time (Rusell’s viper venom Time)

Allow to clot in a test tube @ 37 C Place in water bath to 48 hours Form a clot Normal: clot is intact in 24 hours Abnormal: clot is lysed before 24 hours

Dilute Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time

Same as whole blood clot lysis time but blood is diluted. More sensitive NV: Lysis of clot after 6-10 hours

Dilute Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time

Plasma is treated with an acid to precipitate certain clotting factors in a complex called euglobin fraction.

Dilute Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time

Quantitative assay of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products

Euglobin fraction will be allowed to clot at 37degC and incubated. Normal Value: Lysis in about 300 mins or longer - normal. Lysis in 120 mins – increased lytic activity. Lysis in 60 mins or less – strong lysis.

Dilute Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time

Quantitative assay of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products

Based on agglutination (Hemagglutination, Staphylococcal, Latex agglutination) Uses monoclonal antibodies specific for FDPS

Quantitative assay of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products

Dilute Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time

Superior test; Same principle as FPD TEST but more sensitive

Dilute Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time

Quantitative assay of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products

Uses monoclonal antibodies specific for D-Dimers

Dilute Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time

Quantitative assay of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products

a disease, usually of leukocytes, in the blood and bone marrow.

World Health Organization (WHO)

is a general term for malignancy that starts in the lymph system, mainly in the lymph nodes.

World Health Organization (WHO)

is a form of cancer of the plasma cells.

World Health Organization (WHO)

Overproduction of various types of immature or mature leukocytes in the bone marrow and/or peripheral blood, in most types of leukemias

World Health Organization (WHO)

HEMA LEC | Midterms

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MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PLATELET

Electronic Particle Counter

Examination of stained blood film

PBS

Platelet Count

Template Bleeding Time

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PLATELET

Electronic Particle Counter

Examination of stained blood film

PBS

Platelet Count

Template Bleeding Time

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PLATELET

Electronic Particle Counter

Examination of stained blood film

Petechiometer

Platelet Aggregation

Platelet lumiaggregation

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PLATELET

Electronic Particle Counter

(Beta)-thromboglobulin

Platelet Antibodies

Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins

Platelet factor IV

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PLATELET

Electronic Particle Counter

Examination of stained blood film

Thromboxanes

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Available techniques can include complement fixation methods, lysis of chromium 51–labeled platelets, assays of platelet-bound immunoglobulins, and competitive inhibition assays.

BLEEDING TIME WITH AND WITHOUT ASPIRIN

CLOT REACTION

PLATELET AGGREGATION

ANTIPLATELET ANTIBODY ASSAY

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Agents such as ADP, collagen, epinephrine, snake venom, thrombin, and ristocetin can be used to aggregate platelets.

BLEEDING TIME WITH AND WITHOUT ASPIRIN

CLOT REACTION

PLATELET AGGREGATION

ANTIPLATELET ANTIBODY ASSAY

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HEMA LEC | Midterms

QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PLATELET

QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PLATELET

QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PLATELET

QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PLATELET

QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PLATELET

Available techniques can include complement fixation methods, lysis of chromium 51–labeled platelets, assays of platelet-bound immunoglobulins, and competitive inhibition assays.

Agents such as ADP, collagen, epinephrine, snake venom, thrombin, and ristocetin can be used to aggregate platelets.

The principle of the test is that platelet-rich plasma is treated with a known aggregating agent. If aggregated, cloudiness or turbidity can be measured using a spectrophotometer

In vivo measurement of platelet adhesion and aggregation on locally injured vascular subendothelium.

Provides an estimate of the integrity of the platelet plug and thereby measures the interaction between the capillaries and platelets

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