Living Environment Homeostasis Regents Review

Students did an experiment comparing the activity of four different enzymes, A, B, C, and D. The results are represented in the graph below. A valid conclusion based on the information in the graph is that

• the pH of some enzymes changes as the temperature changes

• enzymes change color in proportion to the rate of activity

• a difference in the pH of an environment changes enzyme activity

• enzyme activity causes acids to change into bases over time

The structural formulas shown below represent parts of two different complex carbohydrate molecules composed of glucose subunits. Molecules 1 and 2 differ in their overall structure. Due to the differences in structure, each of these molecules most likely

• is composed of different molecular bases

• forms a different protein

• contains different elements

• performs a different function

A small lizard spends the morning hours lying in the sunlight until its body temperature rises. Later on in the day, the lizard rests in a shady area until its body temperature cools. This type of behavior is important to

• maintain homeostasis

• detect variations

• attract mates

• obtain nutrients

Carmine, a compound that comes from the cochineal beetle, shown below, is used as a food coloring. The food coloring is not harmful to most people, but in a small number of individuals, it causes a reaction and affects their ability to breathe. This response to carmine is known as

• a stimulus

• an allergy

• natural selection

• an adaptation

The Venus flytrap is a plant that has a unique system by which it traps and breaks down its prey. Unsuspecting insects land on the leaf and touch tiny hairs located on the leaf, triggering the leaf to close around the prey. The substance responsible for breaking down the Venus flytrap’s prey most likely contains

• chlorophyll molecules

• glucose molecules

• hormone molecules

• enzyme molecules

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which statement describes a failure of homeostasis in humans?

• When activity in an individual increases, the body temperature rises and the individual sweats.

• As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases in the human body, the lungs begin to expel more carbon dioxide.

• A viral infection leads to a decrease in the number of white blood cells being produced in the body.

• After an individual gets a cut, certain chemical changes begin the healing process.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

In the 1660s, Flemish physician Jan van Helmont grew a small willow tree in a pot of soil. He added only water to the pot. At the end of five years, he found that the tree had gained 75 kilograms, but there was very little change in the mass of the soil. Van Helmont concluded that the plant gained weight directly from the water. We now know that this conclusion is only partially correct because, in addition to water, photosynthesis also requires

• oxygen from the atmosphere

• carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

• proteins from animal prey

• carbohydrates from the soil

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Doctors often use certain medications to treat infections. A few people have a reaction to some of these medications, such as itching, swelling, or trouble breathing. This is an example of

• using antibodies to cure a medical problem

• the body’s immune system overreacting to a usually harmless substance

• the body creating a mutation to fight unknown pathogens

• a vaccine causing the body to produce antigens against the infection

It may be harmful when people compete to see who can hold their breath the longest under water. Without oxygen, brain cells

• cannot make enough ATP

• have too few mitochondria

• make too many enzymes

• have too much water

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Sailors in the past may have heard the greeting from a passing ship, “Avast ye scurvy dogs.” This greeting would be a reference to a disease known as scurvy, which is due to inadequate intake of vitamin C. Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the cause of this disease and a possible treatment for it?

• Row 1

• Row 2

• Row 3

• Row 4