Earth Science Astronomy and Space Check-Up

The universe is believed to be 13.8 billion years old. What do scientists think was the first thing created?

• stars

• planets

• comet

• moon

The first element made after the Big Bang was...

• helium

• hydrogen

• oxygen

• nitrogen

Why is CMB important (Comic Microwave Background Radiation)?

• it confirmed that matter was not expanding

• It showed the Big Bang to be false

• it confirmed how matter was expanding after the Big Bang

• I have no idea what CMB is?

How is the universe changing?

• periods of growth and contraction

• staying the same

• expanding

• contracting

Scientists measured the patterns of spectral lines given off by distant galaxies and concluded most of the galaxies are moving away from us. What did the scientists observe directly?

• the absence of wavelengths in the

  visible light range

• a shift toward shorter wavelengths of

  light

• the compression of wavelengths in the

  visible light range

• a shift toward longer wavelengths of

  light

The frost line of the solar system divides the terrestrial planets from the gas-giant planets.

What elements make up most of the mass of the planets orbiting outside of the frost line?

• iron and nickel

• carbon and oxygen

• nitrogen and sulfur

• hydrogen and helium

The atmosphere of Mars is almost entirely composed of a greenhouse gas. Compared with

Earth, which factor accounts for the low, nighttime surface temperatures on Mars?

• Mars has more glacial activity than

  Earth

• Mars is much farther from the Sun than

  Earth

• The atmosphere on Mars has an extremely low density

• The atmosphere on Mars lacks global

  circulation

Elements heavier than hydrogen, but lighter than iron are formed by...

• nuclear fusion within stars

• nuclear fission within stars

• when two giant stars collide

• when two stars are close, but not touching

What planet would revolve slower around the sun, Earth or Jupiter. Explain your answer: This is a two part question make sure to answer both parts.

The M87 galaxy is oval in shape with no spiral structure and has a hot, dense center. Also,

it is much bigger than average and has very little gas and dust. Which factor indicates that

the M87 galaxy is mainly made up of old stars?

• Very little gas and dust

• a lot of gas and dust

• very little gas, but an abundance of dust

• very little dust, but an abundance of gas