CHAPTER 1 & 2_PBP

What are the two main types of cells found in the nervous system?

• Neurons and Blood Cells

• Neurons and Glial Cells

• Muscle Cells and Neurons

• Glial Cells and Epithelial Cells

Which part of the neuron is responsible for receiving information from other neurons?

• Axon

• Soma

• Dendrites

• Myelin Sheath

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

• To store neurotransmitters

• To protect the brain

• To speed up the transmission of nerve impulses

• To generate electrical signals

What does the sodium-potassium pump do during resting potential?

• Moves 2 sodium ions in and 3 potassium ions out

• Moves 3 sodium ions in and 2 potassium ions out

• Moves 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in

• Moves 3 potassium ions out and 2 sodium ions in

What is the typical resting membrane potential of a neuron?

• +70 mV

• 0 mV

• -55 mV

• -70 mV

What triggers an action potential to occur?

• When the neuron runs out of energy

• When the membrane potential reaches threshold (around -55 mV)

• When neurotransmitters leave the axon

• When potassium enters the neuron

Which ion primarily enters the neuron during the depolarization phase of an action potential?

• Potassium (K⁺)

• Sodium (Na⁺)

• Calcium (Ca²⁺)

• Chloride (Cl⁻)

Which scientist conducted the experiment that proved chemical transmission occurs at synapses?

• Santiago Ramón y Cajal

• Otto Loewi

• Charles Sherrington

• T.R. Elliott

What is the main difference between electrical and chemical synapses?

• Electrical synapses are slower but stronger

• Chemical synapses are faster and always inhibitory

• Electrical synapses are direct and fast, while chemical synapses are slower and use neurotransmitters

• Chemical synapses use ions to transmit signals directly

What happens when a neurotransmitter binds to an ionotropic receptor?

• A second messenger is activated

• The postsynaptic neuron releases more neurotransmitters

• Ion channels open, allowing ions to flow across the membrane

• The presynaptic neuron absorbs the neurotransmitter back