GREECE TEST 3

11. What plan did the Persian commander come up with at Marathon, and why did he develop this plan?

• to attack at night because the Greeks would least expect it
• to use their archers as there were too many Greeks to fight in hand-to-hand combat
• to use the phalanx formation against the Greeks because the Greeks were not used to this type of combat
• to take half his army and sail to the other side of Attica to attack Athens, because Athens was unguarded. Every soldier was at Marathon

10. Why did the Greeks wait for four days before attacking at Marathon?

• they were too scared to fight such a large army
• they were waiting for a full moon. It was a religious observance
• they were hoping the Spartans would arrive, and they were hoping the Persians would have supply problems
• the Athenians couldn't decide how best to attack the Persians on the marshy plain

4. What Greek city-states helped the Ionians in their revolt against the Persians?

• Athens and Sparta
• Sparta and Corinth
• Athens and Eretria
• Sparta and Thebes

19. How did the Persian Empire's administrative structure contribute to its ability to launch invasions?

• It allowed for rapid mobilization of resources and troops

• It provided a decentralized command structure

• It relied heavily on local governors for decision-making

• It focused on diplomatic negotiations over military action

14. Why did Pheidippides run to Athens, what happened after he delivered his message, and what was added to the Olympics in his honor?

• he was scared of the Persians, he was hidden, the Marathon race
• to get supplies for the Greeks, he was given what was needed, the Marathon race
• to claim victory at Marathon, he died of exhaustion, the Marathon race
• because the Spartans were to meet him there, the Spartans returned with him to Marathon to fight the Persians, the Marathon race

13. Why were the Persians massacred at Marathon?

• because their weapons were useless against the Greeks and they were not trained in hoplite warfare
• because their ambush failed
• because the old Athenian king, Hippias, betrayed the Persians and helped the Athenians
• because a massive rainstorm interfered with their battle plan

12. Why did Miltiades attack right after Datus put his plan into motion?

• he knew the Persians were weak at this point
• he knew he had to win quickly at Marathon and get back to Athens to protect the city
• because the king of Athens demanded he do so
• because the Spartans ordered him to

7. Why did the Spartans refuse the Athenian request?

• they wanted Persia to win
• it was due to a religious reason. They could not leave until a full moon had risen
• they didn't like the Athenian king
• because they didn't think Athens really needed their help

20. What role did the Greek city-state alliances play in the defense against the Persian invasions?

• They allowed for shared resources and military support

• They provided a unified command structure

• They focused on naval battles rather than land engagements

• They led to internal conflicts and weakened defenses

9. Why did the Persians wait for four days before attacking at Marathon?

• they were waiting for more supplies from Persia
• they couldn't believe the Greeks were going to fight, and they were hoping some of the Athenians were still loyal to Hippias, a former Athenian king who was with the Persians at Marathon
• they were having a hard time getting through the marshy plain at Marathon
• they were waiting for the Persian king, Darius, to get to Marathon to watch the battle