Modules 26- 28 Reading Quiz

The purpose of reinforcement is to:

• cause a behavior to stop.

• cause a behavior to diminish.

• cause a behavior to continue.

• strengthen the spontaneous recovery process.

• cause a behavior to occur for only a limited amount of time.

Which of the following best describes negative reinforcement?

• John stops shooting bad free-throws because his coach benches him when he does.

• Brian studies hard because it earns him “A” grades in math.

• Lillian used to walk to school but does not do so anymore because she was attacked by a dog last month.

• Charles smokes because his anxiety is reduced when he does so.

• Osel wears his seat belt because his driving teacher cited accident statistics in class.

Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely to be repeated is known as what?

• Law of effect

• Operant conditioning

• Shaping

• Respondent behavior

• Discrimination

All of the following are examples of primary reinforcers except a

• rat's food reward in a Skinner box.

• cold drink on a hot day.

• high score on an exam for which a student studied diligently.

• hug from a loved one.

• large meal following an extended time without food.

Which schedule of reinforcement is best used to explain this scenario?

• Fixed-ratio

• Variable-ratio

• Fixed-interval

• Variable-interval

• Continuous

Which of the following is the best example of learning?

• A. A dog salivates when food is placed in its mouth.

• B. A honeybee stings when the hive is threatened.

• C. A child cries when his brother hits him.

• D. A child feels ill after drinking sour milk.

• E. A child flinches when he sees lightning because he is afraid of thunder.

In classical conditioning, a person learns to anticipate events by

• associating a response with its consequence.

• avoiding spontaneous recovery.

• using operant behaviors.

• associating two stimuli.

• employing cognitive learning.

In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus - naturally triggers a response. - is a naturally occurring response. - is initially neutral, and then comes to trigger a response. - prompts spontaneous recovery. - is a reward offered for completing a behavior.

• naturally triggers a response.

• is a naturally occurring response.

• is initially neutral, and then comes to trigger a response.

• prompts spontaneous recovery.

• is a reward offered for completing a behavior.

Students are accustomed to a bell ringing to indicate the end of a class period. The principal decides to substitute popular music for the bell to indicate the end of each class period. Students quickly respond to the music in the same way they did to the bell. In this example, the music is a(n)

• conditioned response.

• conditioned stimulus.

• unconditioned response.

• unconditioned stimulus.

• habituated response.

Students in a school are accustomed to moving to the next class when music plays. After a period of time, the principal replaces the music with a bell to signal the end of class. If one day he plays the music by mistake and the students leave class, which of the following is being shown?

• A) Acquisition

• B) Generalization

• C) Habituation

• D) Spontaneous recovery

• E) Operant conditioning