Basic Chemical Bonding

Predict the bond that is formed between Phosophorus and Chlorine?

• Ionic

• Covalent

• Metallic

• H-bond

Answer explanation

Phosphorus and chlorine form a covalent bond because they share electrons to achieve stability. Both elements are nonmetals, which typically engage in covalent bonding rather than ionic or metallic bonding.

Which of the pair of elements form an ionic bond?

• Magnesium and Oxygen

• Magnesium and Sodium

• Iron and Zinc

• Nitrogen and Hydrogen

Answer explanation

Magnesium and Oxygen form an ionic bond because magnesium loses two electrons to become Mg²⁺, while oxygen gains two electrons to become O²⁻. This transfer of electrons creates a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions.

How many valence electrons are shown in the diagram?

• 16

• 7

• 6

• 2

Answer explanation

The diagram shows 6 valence electrons, which are typically represented as dots around the element symbol. This corresponds to the correct answer choice of 6, indicating the number of outer shell electrons.

TRUE OR FALSE: Ionic compounds have high boiling points because they consist of a strong ionic bond.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Answer explanation

TRUE: Ionic compounds have high boiling points due to the strong ionic bonds between their charged ions. These bonds require a significant amount of energy to break, resulting in higher boiling points.

How do covalent bonds form?

• Donating & receiving valence e- between atoms.

• Opposite slight charges attract each other between compounds.

• Scientists are still not sure how they form.

• Sharing valence e- between atoms.

Answer explanation

Covalent bonds form when atoms share valence electrons. This sharing allows each atom to achieve a more stable electron configuration, which is the basis for the formation of molecules.

What is the basis of a metallic bond?

• the attraction of neutral metal atoms.

• the attraction between protons and neutrons.

• the attraction between positive metal ions and interlocking electrons.

• the attraction between positive metal ions and free floating electrons.

Answer explanation

A metallic bond is characterized by the attraction between positive metal ions and free floating electrons, which allows for conductivity and malleability, distinguishing it from other types of bonds.

The ability of a material to be shaped in all directions without cracking or breaking.

• hardness

• ductility

• malleability

• conductivity

Answer explanation

Malleability is the ability of a material to be shaped in all directions without cracking or breaking. This distinguishes it from ductility, which refers to stretching without breaking, and is the correct choice here.

Examine the image: How many bonds are formed looking at the model of the compound? And also indetify what type of bond is formed.

• 2 bonds; covalent

• 4 bonds; metallic

• 2 bonds; ionic

• 4 bonds; covalent

Answer explanation

The model shows 4 bonds formed, indicating that the compound consists of atoms sharing electrons. This type of bond is covalent, as it involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Ionic bond is between

• Metal

• Non metal

• Metal and non metal

Answer explanation

An ionic bond forms between a metal and a non-metal. Metals lose electrons to become positively charged ions, while non-metals gain electrons to become negatively charged ions, resulting in an electrostatic attraction.

Li, Na, K and Rb are elements going down group 1 in the periodic table. Which of the following element has the highest melting point?

• Li

• Na

• K

• Rb

Answer explanation

Lithium (Li) has the highest melting point among Li, Na, K, and Rb. As you move down group 1, the melting points generally decrease due to increased atomic size and weaker metallic bonds.