Logical Fallacies

attacks the person making an argument instead of addressing the argument itself.

• False Cause

• Ad Hominem

• Appeal to Authority

• False Dilemma

• Circular Reasoning

broad conclusion without enough data to support the claim

• Red herring

• Hasty Generalization

• Straw Man

• Bandwagon

• Slippery Slope

argues that a claim must be true because it has not been proven false

• Non Sequitur

• Appeal to Ignorance

• False Dilemma

• Bandwagon

• Red Herring

something must be true, good, or right just because many people believe or do it.

• Red herring

• Hasty Generalization

• Straw Man

• Bandwagon

• Slippery Slope

a relatively small action will lead to a chain of extreme consequences, without sufficient evidence

• Red herring

• Hasty Generalization

• Straw Man

• Bandwagon

• Slippery Slope

incorrectly assumes that because one event happened before another, the first event must have caused the second.

• False Cause

• Ad Hominem

• Appeal to Authority

• False Dilemma

• Circular Reasoning

Misrepresents an argument to make it easier to attack. Instead of debating the actual argument, they create a weaker version of it.

• Red herring

• Hasty Generalization

• Straw Man

• Bandwagon

• Slippery Slope

the conclusion of an argument is assumed in its premise, rather than being supported by independent evidence.

• False Cause

• Ad Hominem

• Appeal to Authority

• False Dilemma

• Circular Reasoning

argues that a claim is true simply because an authority or expert says so, without providing further evidence or reasoning.

• False Cause

• Ad Hominem

• Appeal to Authority

• False Dilemma

• Circular Reasoning

only two options are presented as the only possible choices, when in reality, there are other alternatives.

• False Cause

• Ad Hominem

• Appeal to Authority

• False Dilemma

• Circular Reasoning