Sociology and Crime Quiz

What is the process of internalising the norms and values of society called?

• Adaptation and change

• Boundary maintenance

• Socialisation

• Social control

Which term refers to the ways that crime unites members of society against a wrongdoer?

• Safety valve

• Socialisation

• Boundary maintenance

• Warning light

What does the term 'American Dream' refer to?

• The idea of achieving success through hard work and opportunity

• The concept of social control through sanctions

• The process of socialisation in American society

• The adaptation and change in cultural norms

According to Merton, what is 'innovation'?

• Replacing existing goals with new ones

• Accepting goals and achieving them legitimately

• Rejecting both goals and means

• Accepting goals but using illegitimate means

What is the main criticism of Merton's Strain Theory?

• It underestimates the role of cultural factors

• It focuses too much on group responses

• It overemphasizes the role of socialisation

• It ignores the power of the ruling class

What does 'status frustration' refer to?

• The inability to achieve mainstream success goals

• The rejection of middle-class values by working-class boys

• The formation of criminal subcultures

• The acceptance of cultural goals but rejection of means

Which subculture arises in areas with high population turnover?

• Conflict subcultures

• Criminal subcultures

• Functionalist subcultures

• Retreatist subcultures

What is the function of crime according to Durkheim?

• To create social inequality

• To strengthen social solidarity

• To promote individualism

• To increase social control

What is a 'safety valve' in the context of deviance?

• A means to achieve cultural goals

• A process of internalising norms

• A method to enforce social control

• A way to prevent more serious crimes

What do Cloward and Ohlin argue about working-class youths?

• They focus on individual responses to strain

• They are more likely to conform to societal norms

• Their deviance stems from a lack of opportunity

• They have equal access to legitimate opportunities