Psychology Research Methods 3

Observation can be used to:

• Listen to a conversation.

• Measure a dependent variable.

• Collect data for analysis.

• All of the above.

Observation of participants without their knowledge is:

• Covert, participant, ethical.

• Covert, non-participant, unethical.

• Overt, non-participant, unethical.

• Overt, participant, ethical.

Which statement best describes controlled observation?

• The observer becomes part of the group being observed.

• Behaviour is recorded in the setting in which it normally occurs.

• The observation takes place in a structured environment.

• The people being observed do not know they are being observed.

Naturalistic observation:

• Is easier to replicate than controlled observation.

• Has more extraneous variables than controlled observation.

• Encourages contrived behaviour.

• Has relatively low external validity.

Response bias can occur in:

• Questionnaires.

• Semi-structured interviews.

• Unstructured interviews.

• All of the above.

Which statement best describes structured interviews?

• Hard to replicate.

• Include 'follow-up' questions.

• All questions decided in advance.

• Likely to be more biased than unstructured interviews.

Which statement best describes questionnaires?

• They include only closed questions.

• They can be distributed to lots of people.

• They resemble unstructured interviews.

• The responses are always difficult to analyse.

Which has the highest internal validity?

• Structured interview.

• Semi-structured interview.

• Unstructured interview.

• They are all the same.

An interview schedule:

• Helps reduce social desirability bias.

• Gives timings of each question.

• Increases interviewer bias.

• Is a standardised list of questions.

Interviewer bias is most likely in:

• A structured interview.

• An unstructured interview.

• A questionnaire.

• All of the above.