Physics Concepts and Principles

Newton's First Law of Motion

• An object in motion will stay in motion, and an object at rest will stay at rest, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

• An object will always remain at rest unless a force is applied to it.

• An object in motion will eventually come to a stop due to friction.

• An object will accelerate indefinitely unless acted upon by a force.

Metric length

• Centimeter, meter, kilometer.

• Millimeter, meter, kilometer.

• Inch, foot, yard.

• Mile, yard, centimeter.

Momentum (p)

• A measure of mass in motion, calculated as p = mv.

• The force applied to an object over time.

• The energy stored in an object due to its position.

• The rate of change of an object's temperature.

Albert Einstein

• German physicist, father of modern quantum physics, which is the study of the atom and things that happen inside the atom.

• Famous mathematician known for his work in calculus and geometry.

• Inventor of the first practical telephone and pioneer in telecommunications.

• Renowned biologist who developed the theory of evolution.

Centripetal force

• A force that causes an object to move in a circle (e.g., gravity for satellites).

• A force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.

• A force that acts on an object moving in a straight line.

• A force that causes an object to accelerate in the opposite direction of its motion.

Gravity

• A force that pulls objects toward each other.

• A type of energy that can be harnessed.

• A phenomenon that occurs only on Earth.

• A measure of the weight of an object.

Friction

• A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact.

• A force that accelerates motion between two surfaces that are in contact.

• A force that reduces the speed of an object in free fall.

• A force that acts perpendicular to the direction of motion.

Terminal Velocity

• When the force of air resistance is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force of gravity.

• The maximum speed an object can reach when falling through a fluid.

• The speed at which an object begins to accelerate downwards.

• The speed at which an object stops moving altogether.

Galileo Galilei

• Italian astronomer, physicist, and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars and explained the motion of falling objects.

• A famous painter known for his works during the Renaissance period.

• An ancient Greek philosopher who contributed to the field of ethics and politics.

• A modern scientist known for his theories on relativity and quantum mechanics.

Potential Energy (J)

• The energy stored in objects according to mass and height (mgh).

• The energy of motion measured in joules.

• The energy released during a chemical reaction.

• The energy stored in a compressed spring.