AP Biology - Cell Organelles

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

• Detoxification of the cell and lipid synthesis.

• Protein and rRNA synthesis.

• Synthesis of chemical energy (adenosine triphosphate).

• Chemical modification of newly synthesized proteins before they are packaged for trafficking to other parts of the cell or outside of the cell.

Prokaryotic cell

• a cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles; includes achaea and bacteria
• a cell containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
• the idea that the mitochonria and chloroplasts were once free living and were engulfed by other prokaryotic cells.
•  part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

This organelle makes the lipids that make the cell membrane

• Smooth ER
• Cell Wall
• Vacuole
• Mitochondria

Centrosome/Centrioles

• creates energy (ATP) from food; site of cellular respiration

• stores food, water, or wastes with the cell; plant cells have a special vacuole

• uses enzymes to digest bacteria, viruses, and old organelles (old cell parts are recycled)

• create special structures called spindle fibers that are used in cell division

Ribosomes

• a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
• non membrane bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis;found in eukaryotes and porkaryotes
• System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm
• An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down.

Disarms dangerous free radicals by converting them to hydrogen peroxide; detoxifies harmful poisons and other substances

• Mitochondria

• Lysosome

• Peroxisome

• Centrioles

• Ribosome

An interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins. Is covered in ribosomes. 

• rough endoplasmic reticulum 
• cell wall
• smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
• centriole 

Eukaryotic Cell

• a cell containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
• a cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles; includes achaea and bacteria
• the idea that the mitochonria and chloroplasts were once free living and were engulfed by other prokaryotic cells.
• a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

Which of the following membrane-bound organelles is responsible for hydrolysis (using enzymes to break down macromolecules)?

• Vacuoles

• Chloroplasts

• Lysosomes

• Peroxisomes

Mitochondrion

• Stacks of pancake-like membranes that package materials to ship out of the cell.

• Small sacks with pores / Contains digestive enzymes that get rid of waste, worn-out cell parts, and captured invaders.

• Bean-shaped organelle filled with folded membranes / Breaks down glucose to release energy for cell functions

• The protective outer layer that controls what enters and leaves the cell.